tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13291049994966504942023-11-16T02:45:38.644-08:00Bible PharaohsEve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.comBlogger12125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-87895734513489175492022-01-07T15:21:00.000-08:002022-01-07T15:22:18.964-08:00400/430 years and 4th generation from Promise to Abram<p>Biblical chronology is a fascinating and frustrating field of study. One major problem is dependence upon Egyptian and Assyrian "anchors" of synchronism. Another problem is the minimalist movement of Near East archaeology which began in the 1970's. The following information is from my book, "Pharaohs of the Bible: 4004 - 960 B.C."</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">YHWH's Initial Promise of the land of Canaan to Abram's Seed <br /></h2><p><span style="font-size: x-small;">"1 Now the LORD had said to Abram, Get you out of your
country, and from your kindred, and from your father's house, to a land
that I will show you: 2 And I will make of you a great nation, and I
will bless you, and make your name great; and you shall be a blessing: 3
And I will bless them that bless you, and curse him that curses you:
and in you shall all families of the earth be blessed. 4 So Abram
departed, as the LORD had spoken to him; and Lot went with him: and
<u>Abram was seventy and five years</u> old when he departed out of Haran. 5
And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's son, and all their
substance that they had gathered, and the souls that they had gotten in
Haran; and they went forth to go into the land of Canaan; and into the
land of Canaan they came. 6 And Abram passed through the land to the
place of Sichem, to the plain of Moreh. And the Canaanite was then in
the land. 7 And the LORD appeared to Abram, and said, To your seed will I
give this land: and there built he an altar to the LORD, who appeared
to him. 8 And he removed from there to a mountain on the east of Bethel,
and pitched his tent, having Bethel on the west, and Hai on the east:
and there he built an altar to the LORD, and called on the name of the
LORD. 9 And Abram journeyed, going on still toward the south. 10 And
there was a famine in the land: and Abram went down into Egypt to
sojourn there; for the famine was grievous in the land." (Genesis
12:1-10 American King James) </span> <br /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
1996 Abram was born in Ur of Chaldee</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1921 God's promise to Abram in Canaan;
Abram continued on to Egypt due to famine</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1919 Abram returned to Hebron in Canaan</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1918 Abram and Lot separated due to
abundance of flocks</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1916 Lot dwelt in Sodom</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1913 Abram rescued Lot and received
blessing of Melchizedek</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1910 Ishmael was born when Abram was 86
years old</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1896 Isaac was born when Abraham was
100 years old; his new name given one year prior</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1891 Ishmael mocked Isaac when Isaac
was weaned, beginning 400 years of persecution</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0in;">1821 Abraham died</p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;">Abram left Egypt with lots of stuff, including Egyptian servants. (God promised Abram's seed would also leave Egypt with lots of stuff.) Abram got Haggai, Sarai's Egyptian servant, pregnant; thus Ishmael is half Hebrew and half Egyptian. Isaac was fully Hebrew. Ishmael "mocking" Isaac was the first time an Egyptian mocked/afflicted a Hebrew.</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">afflicted is #6031 in Strongs: anah in Hebrew: A primitive root (possibly rather identical with H6030 through the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally or figuratively, transitively or intransitively (in various applications). (sing is by mistake for H6030.): - abase self, afflict (-ion, self), answer [by mistake for H6030], chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt, ravish, sing [by mistake for H6030], speak [by mistake for H6030], submit self, weaken, X in any wise. </span><br /></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"13 And he said to Abram, Know of a surety that your seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall <b>afflict </b>them <u>four hundred years</u>; 14 And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. 15 And you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried in a good old age. 16 But in the fourth generation they shall come here again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full." (Genesis 15:13-16)</span> </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">"16 Now to Abraham and his seed were the promises made. He said not, And to seeds, as of many; but as of one, And to your seed, which is Christ. 17 And this I say, that the covenant, that was confirmed before of God in Christ, the law, which was <u>four hundred and thirty years</u> after, cannot cancel, that it should make the promise of none effect." (Galatians 3:16-17) </span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzUXyvHjileoXbyoblvdQCraQar3MtLKJziuwx_OrGFa85t5Y-QpHK9l1OcRL2bq11RyeWc53DUxI22JQHq_CWduX4sNr1RlgKA2BuD0CaBBej0JhHmeOY5_aleDvTwoiOCY83cXlFexOWM3AWCVDkiGfH1n8VlDaEmt0RhyKcY1WbKNh5uLX5xa4x=s963" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="963" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzUXyvHjileoXbyoblvdQCraQar3MtLKJziuwx_OrGFa85t5Y-QpHK9l1OcRL2bq11RyeWc53DUxI22JQHq_CWduX4sNr1RlgKA2BuD0CaBBej0JhHmeOY5_aleDvTwoiOCY83cXlFexOWM3AWCVDkiGfH1n8VlDaEmt0RhyKcY1WbKNh5uLX5xa4x=s320" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;"> <br /></span></span></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This graphic is how I resolved the Scriptures cited above.</span><br /></div></span><p></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></p>
Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-66782489499762014762021-02-21T19:08:00.000-08:002021-02-21T19:09:20.810-08:00"Land of Rameses"Rameses is the first name of a pharaoh encountered in the Bible, but it is used in connection with land. In my chronology, the name of the pharaoh when Joseph's family arrived from Canaan was Amenhotep I of the 18th Dynasty. His father, Ahmose I, had conquered the Hyksos* shepherds who had lived in the eastern Nile delta and blocked goods going up or down the Nile; and Ahmose I had gained oxen from a recent conquest in Canaan. The Egyptians hated their enemies, the Hyksos, and their occupation as shepherds; so Joseph asked his brothers to lie.
<blockquote><i>And the men are shepherds, for their trade has been to feed cattle; and they have brought their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have. And it shall come to pass, when Pharaoh shall call you, and shall say, What is your occupation? That you shall say, Your servants' trade has been about cattle from our youth even until now, both we, and also our fathers: that you may dwell in the land of Goshen; for every shepherd is an abomination to the Egyptians. (Genesis 46:32-34)</i></blockquote>
Shepherds is <i>ra-ah tseon</i> in Hebrew; meaning one who pastures flocks.
Flocks is <i>tseon</i> in Hebrew, which could be sheep or goats.
Cattle is <i>miqneh</i> in Hebrew, meaning purchased property, cattle or livestock.
Goshen is <i>goshen</i> in Hebrew, meaning “drawing near” according to Brown-Driver-Briggs.
*In Egyptian, <i>hyksos</i> derived from the phrase <i>heka khasewet</i> (“rulers of foreign lands”) which was used to describe chieftains of Nubia, Canaan, and Syria. These Hyksos of the 15th Dynasty were originally from Phoenicia/Syria.
Location of “<i>land of Rameses</i>”
<blockquote><i>And Joseph made ready his chariot, and went up to meet Israel his father, to Goshen, and presented himself to him; and he fell on his neck, and wept on his neck a good while. (Genesis 46:29)</i></blockquote>
Joseph lived in On/Heliopolis, and may have been working at Saqqara when Judah came to him with the news his father had arrived in Goshen. The “<i>land of Goshen</i>” and “<i>land of Rameses</i>” were synonymous, located north and south of nome #8. Saqqara, in nome #1, was about 38 km away from On in nome #13. Avaris, was located in nome #20 on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile Delta at a site now called Tell el Dabᶜa.1
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dH6vrfWtBlrLEb49DKDtX_hyphenhyphenGJXeh7uBQoiX5dMYj3gzatYbjvmC1rgCOSorRHP0yPNLh2wLA6jaWGHW0RFT8vDYsgpvnMvXk4X_2fK3zeRMdMsVw93y3QHsiNNgUTekOGwxyY4QAQc/s587/EastDelta-Goshen-2013.png" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0; text-align: center; "><img alt="" border="0" height="320" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="509" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4dH6vrfWtBlrLEb49DKDtX_hyphenhyphenGJXeh7uBQoiX5dMYj3gzatYbjvmC1rgCOSorRHP0yPNLh2wLA6jaWGHW0RFT8vDYsgpvnMvXk4X_2fK3zeRMdMsVw93y3QHsiNNgUTekOGwxyY4QAQc/s320/EastDelta-Goshen-2013.png"/></a></div>
Pharaoh Khety established a trade center inland from the port on the Pelusiac, which he named “Great House;” (pharaoh means “great house” in Egyptian). Khety's town would later be named Avaris by the Hyksos of the 15th dynasty, Peru-nefer (“good port”) by the 18th dynasty, and Pi-Rameses by the 19th dynasty. Today it is known as Tell el-Daba. The largest extent of Tell el-Dabᶜa was 250 hectares (at a time when other large port cities averaged 75 hectares) during the occupation of the 15th dynasty when the Hyksos made Avaris their capital.
Pi-Rameses was a city, not a land. The city of Pi-Rameses has been archaeologically connected to Qantir, abutting Tell el-Daba. [<a href="" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-Ramesses</a>] Rameses is referred to as a city in Exodus 12:37 and Numbers 33:3-5 as the place of origin from which the exodus began with 600,000 men with families and flocks and herds. Only 250 hectares may have been tight quarters.
The “<i>land of Rameses</i>” is associated with pasture. A pharaoh named Rameses won't arrive until the 19th dynasty, but somehow the land was already called Rameses? The grazing "<i>land of Rameses</i>" was in Goshen.
<blockquote><i>And Joseph placed his father and his brothers, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. (Genesis 47:11)</i></blockquote>
Basically, Amenhotep I was giving them the pasture lands of the Hyksos shepherds whom his father conquered. In my book Pharaohs of the Bible (4004-960 BC), I included the following statement which I no longer endorse: Dr. Shaw stated “<i>remsosch</i>” meant “shepherds” in the Egyptian language.2 Although Egyptian Rameses can be pronounced /ra-am-as-es/ harkening to /ra-ah/ in Hebrew for the beginning of <i>ra-ah tseon</i> as shepherd. In Egyptian “<i>Rameses</i>” means “son of Ra” (Ra, the sun god), or “Ra created it”, and Moses was very careful throughout the Pentateuch not to name any pharaoh with a false diety in his name. Why this exception? Many Jews concluded long ago, it was because Rameses was the pharaoh of the exodus. Sadly, most believe it was Rameses II instead of Rameses I.
Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-43737542253302215522018-01-01T16:15:00.001-08:002018-01-01T16:18:26.897-08:00YHWH in ancient Hebrew glyphs reveals Jesus' crucifixion<!--[if !mso]>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</w:LatentStyles>
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table.MsoNormalTable
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mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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mso-style-parent:"";
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mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;}
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<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1027"/>
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<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/>
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YHWH is known as the Tetragrammaton for the NAME of Creator God in the Old
Testament and presages His incarnation and crucifixion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A picture of an arm with a hand represents
the sound /y/ in <i>yod</i> (hand).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A picture of a
person with elbows at right angles and hands raised to either side of his head
and his legs bent beneath him represents /h/ in <i>heh</i> (behold, lo).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A picture of a tent peg or nail represents
/w/ in <i>waw</i> (to add, and).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hebrew
is written and read right to left.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4TlxuSRldeeti65unwJMXlJtgbifcI6ks97_CwmWdaJu2IsUIRSNIqtk8OChewwawFlpjbTuWdJP3VB4INvQrGh_6iVblxpZiijo9aee8YXBnheKWVFKD-BrbVrxsRjULDT0D5YR37JQ/s1600/YHWHancientGlyphs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="900" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4TlxuSRldeeti65unwJMXlJtgbifcI6ks97_CwmWdaJu2IsUIRSNIqtk8OChewwawFlpjbTuWdJP3VB4INvQrGh_6iVblxpZiijo9aee8YXBnheKWVFKD-BrbVrxsRjULDT0D5YR37JQ/s320/YHWHancientGlyphs.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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I took Jeff Brenner’s Ancient Hebrew course at
Udemy.com.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He noticed the NAME YHWH
includes a “nail” and a “hand” with “behold”/”look” representing Christ’s
crucifixion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I noticed the <i>heh</i>
glyph looks like a crucified man raising himself up with bent elbows to exhale
(making the /heh/ sound; <a href="http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/overviews/seasons/lent/passion7.cfm" target="_blank">crucified exhale</a>) before allowing his body weight to straighten his arms
to inhale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i>heh</i> glyph does not
include the feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus’ feet were most
likely placed on top of the other with a single nail driven through both into
the post.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="MsoNormal">
To the Hebrews, the hand includes the wrist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When washing their “hands” they would have
someone else pour water over their upright hands (thus also washing their
forearms), much like a doctor washes his hands before surgery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jesus Christ was crucified with nails between
the two bones (radius and ulna) in His wrists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If hands had nails driven through the palms, the crucified person’s
body-weight would cause the flesh of their palms to rip.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0T8hQj2Q3w7HVPun3XiMQySQUyCQ9ea8QdF4JETbnIP-Bh7vNjA6ojfcDyoBbAJWVCG1KdG6yNpqgptLOU1vLiQ7r2JDGMGU_9eS2uo8kFcx5JVsSS1YZtOKGDsoBZKx2wkAnbpSjUSk/s1600/crucified-wrist-tenon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="265" data-original-width="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0T8hQj2Q3w7HVPun3XiMQySQUyCQ9ea8QdF4JETbnIP-Bh7vNjA6ojfcDyoBbAJWVCG1KdG6yNpqgptLOU1vLiQ7r2JDGMGU_9eS2uo8kFcx5JVsSS1YZtOKGDsoBZKx2wkAnbpSjUSk/s1600/crucified-wrist-tenon.jpg" /></a></div>
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Jesus was crucified on a T-shaped cross of two pieces of
wood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper horizontal portion was
the part which the criminal carried to the crucifixion site.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The upper portion was called the <i>patibulum</i>
in Latin (the language of the Romans).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Patibulum</i>
is derived from the verb <i>patere</i> meaning “to be open” as the <i>patibulum</i>
was the horizontal piece of wood which barred the gate and had to be removed to
open the gate. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i>patibulum</i> was
typically 5-6 feet long weighing 100-125 pounds. Jesus often told His disciples
they needed to pick up their “cross” (Matthew 16:24; Mark 10:21; and Luke 9:23)
which is <i>stauros</i> in Greek, meaning wooden stake or post from the root <i>stao</i>
meaning tree or stump.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This lower vertical
portion of the cross is <i>stipes</i> in Latin, meaning trunk, stake, or pale
(as to “impale” upon); and ranged from 6-8 feet tall with the taller ones often
reserved for festivals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For prolonged
torture a seat (<i>sedile</i> in Latin) of wood was attached to the <i>stipes</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Christ’s crucifixion needed to be quick, so His
cross was short, and did not have a seat or a foot rest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 2016 movie <i>Risen</i>, a unique pin
& hinge system is used for the <i>stipes </i>(<a href="http://sites.sonypictures.com/risen/site/#videos" target="_blank">Risen trailer</a> view seconds 21-26).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This would remove the <i>stipes</i> from view
of the Temple courtyard during their holy days; if indeed, the “place of the
skull (<i>kranion</i>)” was northeast of the Temple and the sheep gate (<a href="http://www.golgotha.eu/" target="_blank">golgotha</a>).</div>
<br />
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<div class="MsoQuote">
I am Aleph and <b>Tav</b>, the beginning and the end, the
first and the last.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blessed are they
that do His commandments, that they may have right to the tree of life, and may
enter in through the gates into the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Revelation 22:13-14<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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In Hebrew <i>tav</i> means “seal” and “sign” and “to
covenant”, and is represented by a lower-case ‘t’ letter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A wooden plaque with the criminal’s name and
crime was called a <i>titulus</i> and was carried by a soldier ahead of the
criminal, and then secured to the top of the cross.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If the <i>titulus </i>was secured so that most of it
was above the <i>patibulum,</i> the whole cross shape would appear to be a
lower-case ‘t’ letter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To some Jewish scholars the Tetragrammaton represents the Hebrew
phrase “<i>Hayah hoveh yi’yeh</i>” which translated means “He was, He is, He
will be”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This seems similar to Hebrews
13:8<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 107%;"> <span style="background-color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Jesus Christ the same yesterday,
and today, and forever.”</span></span></span></span>
</div>
Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-13435186525052740932017-12-03T10:43:00.000-08:002017-12-03T10:45:53.332-08:00Alternative Hebrew Translations to Petrovich<br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I am the author of <i>Pharoahs of the Bible</i>, and I
have a free pdf of my dates for pharaohs’ reigns at </span><a href="http://www.pharaohsofthebible.com/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">www.pharaohsofthebible.com</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="Textbodyindent">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This
summer I began reading Douglas Petrovich’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
World’s Oldest Alphabet. </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">It is a remarkable leap forward in proving Hebrew language development in the Sinai during the Bronze Age. </span></span>In reference to his Alphabetic Chart of
Proto-Consonantal Hebrew, Douglas Petrovich wrote on page 193:</div>
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
“<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">. . . armed with the
information there, plus a Hebrew lexicon and a handful of grammatical
principles, anyone with a limited background in biblical Hebrew has the
opportunity to translate virtually any inscription within this amazing corpus
of texts, a number of which are not even treated in this volume.”</span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Though I may complete my own book on Paleo-Hebrew
inscriptions, I wanted to publish a blog of my translations which are very
different from those of Mr. Petrovich.<span> </span>I
agree with Petrovich’s use of /s/ for hair (<i>sear</i>)
and /sh/ for breasts (<i>shadayim</i>).<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">I list the phonemes of the Paleo-Hebrew glyphs left to
right for ease of English transliteration to Hebrew.<span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The order of the inscriptions here are the same as in his book.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 115</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Petrovich and others have
agreed the eastern face of Sinai 115 was written by Hebeded since he signed his
name to it.<span> </span>I view all the glyphs as
Middle Egyptian.<span> </span>In the second line of
glyphs the birds face right, but Petrovich read it from the left. Egyptians may
have called the Sinai Bedouin descendants of Eber, Apiru.<span> </span>Not all Hebrews are descendants of Abraham,
Isaac, or Jacob.<span> </span>Abraham’s son with
Hagar, the Egyptian, was named Ishmael.<span>
</span>Ishmael’s descendants lived in the Sinai up to the wall (<i>shur</i>) of Egypt on the Nile’s eastern
delta (the wall was on the way to Assyria from southern Sinai).<span> </span>Ishmael’s 12 sons lived in walled encampments
[<i>tiyrah</i>] between Egypt and Edom
(Psalm 83:6).<span> </span>During Israel’s period of
judges, the Ishmaelites became moon-worshippers who wore gold crescent moons in
their noses or ears (Judges 8:24).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">“Now these are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham's
son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bore to Abraham: And these are
the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their
generations: the firstborn of Ishmael, Nebajoth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and
Mibsam, And Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, Hadar, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and
Kedemah: These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their
towns, and by their <u>castles [tiyrah]</u>; twelve princes according to their
nations. And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, an hundred and thirty
and seven years: and he gave up the ghost and died; and was gathered to his
people. And <u>they dwelled from Havilah to Shur, that is before Egypt, as you
go toward Assyria</u>: and he died in the presence of all his brothers.”
(Genesis 25:12-18)</span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 115 contains Middle Egyptian (ME) glyphs and one
Canaanite symbol according to Petrovich.<span>
</span>I regard the ME water wave below the walking rope-tether as the first
glyph of the sentence; whereas Petrovich regards it as the second glyph.<span> </span>Petrovich regards the third glyph of an
hour-glass shape to be the Canaanite symbol for copper (<i>wiru</i>) producing the /wi/ sound (page 17).<span> </span>Petrovich notes the fourth glyph of the
pintail duck as a ME determinative, but does not state that it’s a
determinative for “where”.<span> </span>The fifth
glyph is a ME determinative for persons.<span>
</span>The /mr/-hoe which Petrovich places as the last glyph, I place between
his 12<sup>th</sup> (which I see as an arrowhead) and 13<sup>th</sup> glyphs.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes and (determinatives) of first row: /n/,
/itch/, /wi/, (where), (persons), six strokes, /y/, /p/, /r/, /n/;<span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span> </span>second row:<span>
</span>/gb/, /sn/, /t/, /w/</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My translation of Sinai 115 is "To Itjtawy: six
Apiru for Geb, his servants."</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Itjtawy was the capital
of the twelfth dynasty.<span> </span>Among the other
contemporary dynasties, Itjtawy was known as the “Great House” and “Residence”
or capitol, much as the White House is the capitol among the 50 States.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 377</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Mr. Petrovich makes a case that the four Paleo-Hebrew glyphs
of Sinai 377 were originally inscribed in the same year right next to the
hieroglyphs of stele Sinai 46.<span> </span>Sinai 46
records its engraving date as the 20<sup>th</sup> regnal year of Ni-maat-re,
the prenomen of Amenemhat III.<span> </span>Petrovich,
using a modification of Thiele’s chronology, declares the year to be 1840 BC;
with the inscribing of Sinai 115 only two years later (p. 31).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The steliform upon which Sinai 377 was written was
cracked and rendered unusable.<span> </span>An eroded
area effected the vertical columns of Sinai 46 and the middle portion of Sinai
377.<span> </span>The four Paleo-Hebrew glyphs were
inscribed below the large crack, and above an area of erosion; hence I surmise
they were written after the erosion occurred, and not during the 20<sup>th</sup>
regnal year of Amenemhat III.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The four Paleo-Hebrew letters are ox-head /a/, mouth
/p/, water /m/, and shepherd’s crook /l/.<span>
</span>The ox-head is facing left, so it begins the first column.<span> </span>Strong’s #639 <i>‘aph</i> = nose (flared) and
anger; and #4135 <i>muwl</i> = cut off, destroy, or circumcise.<span> </span>A translation of anger at being cut off seems
more reasonable.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wadi el-Hol #1<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSvsHSs5N-7ydO2a_2Gf8bUoLa5wGxOE5w1SY2JN7BtCcS5cpFKXyi2n2-foqTbH4-Dyi9ipsUz0mR6EBGkneGMG2mAdskrvqHTxIDcqbk5odGol1zDsUIw3WYusVLBcX7Rh5V10DB1A/s1600/Wadi_el-Hol_inscriptions_I_drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="253" data-original-width="720" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqSvsHSs5N-7ydO2a_2Gf8bUoLa5wGxOE5w1SY2JN7BtCcS5cpFKXyi2n2-foqTbH4-Dyi9ipsUz0mR6EBGkneGMG2mAdskrvqHTxIDcqbk5odGol1zDsUIw3WYusVLBcX7Rh5V10DB1A/s320/Wadi_el-Hol_inscriptions_I_drawing.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">1) The ox and other heads face left, so I’m reading
the glyphs left to right.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">2) I won’t be using the [H3] later glyph.<span> </span>I think /q/ is a better fit for [H4].</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My translation of Wadi el-Hol #1:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew transliteration:<span> </span><i>Rechem, pa-ah, meginnah, na, ma’on, qabar</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English:<span> </span>Mercy,
blow away the bad covering (of sand/sorrow), I pray; respond lest (I’m) buried.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wadi el-Hol #2 <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR8v17KfICvg4CiODy01Lj9-5FeXHTkTrOTWTNVVHYDQPs_O8EooEE_7725Xyr3nggCPnnzGp_xrYZ6UPJLqDhnNQlxJC3nz-yUKzvLPQVGBylsIlzyo9b9f_ICIGE37mWlwGaB5r6upQ/s1600/Wadi_el-Hol_inscriptions_II_drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR8v17KfICvg4CiODy01Lj9-5FeXHTkTrOTWTNVVHYDQPs_O8EooEE_7725Xyr3nggCPnnzGp_xrYZ6UPJLqDhnNQlxJC3nz-yUKzvLPQVGBylsIlzyo9b9f_ICIGE37mWlwGaB5r6upQ/s320/Wadi_el-Hol_inscriptions_II_drawing.jpg" width="280" /></a></div>
</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Douglas Petrovich wrote, “By the reign of Amenemhat
III, Theban troops established a garrison at Wadi el-Hol . . .” (p. 36).<br />Reading this inscription top to bottom, and numbering the Hebrew glyphs beginning with the top:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">1) I agree the [H5] glyph here represents the word
“the”.<span> </span>I also agree a <i>yod</i> shape [H9] comes after the second /t/.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">2) I think the [H7] glyph of a support with a diamond
or arrowhead shape represents /v/ here; whereas the support topped by a rounded
shape represents /w/.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My translation of Wadi el-Hol #2:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Paleo-Hebrew phonetic letters transliteration (reading
top to bottom, and right to left):<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">/m/, /k/, /t/, /r/, /h/, /a/, /v/, /t/, /y/, /g/, /k/,
/e/, /l/</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Ma kether, /h/+‘avah ta’, ge’h, kalah</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"> is </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">my transliteration of the Hebrew words with the following Strong's concordance numbers:</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3964) Ma =<span>
</span>that/what</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3804) Kether = circlet, crown, (enclosure); from
kathar to enclose/besiege</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(184) h+‘avah = “the” mark(ed) out</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(8372) ta’ = (circumscribed) room, guard room<span> </span>(1 Kings 14:28)<span> </span>{ta’ah is little room}</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1343) ge’h = lofty, proud</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3615) kalah = accomplish, finish, end, complete</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English translation:</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"> “That enclosure, the mark(ed) out guard room, (is a)
proud accomplishment.”</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Wadi el-Hol #3 </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(not
in his book, just for completeness)</span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The three symbols in the cartouche, top to bottom, are
Ra, /mn/, maat (goddess with feather in her hair, but without holding her
ankh).<span> </span>These are the symbols Seti I uses
for his name Menmaatre.<span> </span>Typically,
Amenemhat III spells out all the sounds with glyphs, and uses Maat as a
determinative; thus Seti I may have overwritten portions.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My translation of Middle Egyptian on Wadi el-Hol #3:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">“Regnal year 26, 3<sup>rd</sup> month of summer, day
1: bee and sedge (lower and upper Egypt) Nimaatre live forever.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Lahun Bilingual Ostracon</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The first line is in Middle Egyptian: “Regnal year 29,
month 1 of summer.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The second line is mostly Paleo-Hebrew: /ch/, /g/, ME
/q/, /n/, /y/, /l/, /b/, /w/, /b/.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The first two letters of the third line are /z/ and
/b/, followed by the ME <i>nsw </i>symbol for king.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew transliteration: “<i>Chagag qanan ya’al/yaal
bow babah zeb</i> [ME <i>nsw</i>]”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English translation: “March as in festival built
valuable/pleased enter something hallowed, yellow king.”<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">I surmise this dedication was in celebration of the
completion of the Lahun wall entrance to a temple.<span> </span>Egyptians painted Asiatics yellow.<span> </span>The Asiatic king may be of the 15th
dynasty (like Khayan who served under Amenemhat III) or even of the pre-15th
dynasty (like Seth II who served under Amenemhat II). <span> </span>Both Amenemhat II and III reigned more than 29
years.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sinai 376</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">As I have searched for Wadi Nasb and Bir Nasb, I have
received locations on the east and west coasts of the Sinai, as well as one in
the middle.<span> </span>Though on today’s maps Wadi
Nasb may only cover a short distance, I propose it may have been the name for
the continuous wadi journey across the Sinai in antiquity, and thus very
lucrative for its property owners to supply miners from the two ports on the
Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Aqaba.<span> </span>Or
maybe it was called Wadi Bahrain in antiquity.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Both of my translation possibilities assume the third
letter of the fourth column to be <i>ayin</i>
(an eye), not <i>peh</i> (a mouth).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My primary translation:<span> </span>“House purchased from Asenath (on) wadi
(between) two seas; assemble brotherhood.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1004) Beyith = house</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3739) karah = to purchase</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">/m/ = from</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(621) asnath = Asenath</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Wadi = dry riverbed or ravine</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Bahrain = two seas</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(7035) qalah = assemble (come together) </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(264) achavah = brotherhood</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Yod not used</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">A possible second translation:<span> </span>“Daughters dance from Asenath and Deborah:
see life.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1323) bath = daughters</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3769) karar = dance</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">/m/ = from</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(621) asnath = Asenath</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">/v/ = and</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1683) debrah = Deborah</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Ayin logogram = see</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(2416) chay = life</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 345a and 345b</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 345 is a sphinx which was found in the temple of
Hathor in Serabit el-Khadim.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 345a has Middle Egyptian hieroglyphs on its
right shoulder with Paleo-Hebrew letters on the base below it.<span> </span>Both texts have animals facing to the right,
and so should be read right to left.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">ME transliterates to Hathor, <i>mafkat mry </i>= Hathor,
turquoise beloved <span></span>OR Turquoise beloved (of) Hathor.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew phonemes are /<i>t/, /l/, /ay/, /b/, /h/,
/ah/, /m/</i>; which I translate to English as “A chamber to mock Ham.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(8372) ta = a chamber</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3931) la’ab = to deride, to mock</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(2526) ham = Ham (the land of Africa, or Noah’s son
who founded Africa)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 345b has Paleo-Hebrew letters on the base below
the sphinx’s left shoulder (which may contain one glyph).</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew phonemes are /<i>t/, /l/, /ay/, /b/, /l/,
(</i>silence for<i> yod), /ah/, /z/, /n/</i>; which I translate to English as“A chamber to mock; surely to prove/weigh.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(8372) ta = a chamber</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3931) la’ab = to deride, to mock</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(3808) lo = no, not, otherwise, surely</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(239) ‘azan = to test, prove, ponder, weigh</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 346a and 346b</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 346 is a cuboid statuette of the chief sculptor <b>Nam</b> found in the temple of Hathor in
the hall of Sopdu built by Hatshepsut.<span>
</span>Sinai inscription 346a is written on the front of the statue; whereas
346b is inscribed on the statue’s right side.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">I place Hatshpesut’s reign from 1672 to 1651 BC, with
the end of her reign concurrent with the eruption of Thera/Santorini in 1651
BC.<span> </span>Thus the hall of Sopdu was built
during her reign (1672-1651 BC).<span> </span>Based
upon my translation of Sinai 346b, I suggest those glyphs were inscribed after
Hatshepsut’s reign by a workman involved with the temple’s reconstruction.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My translation of <b>Sinai 346b</b> assumes that the glyphs
are read top to bottom and left to right (even though the face is looking right).<span> </span>Thus the phonemes are in the order of /ay/,
/l/, /n/, /ay/, /m/, /b/, /n/, /r/, /ts/, /b/, /n/.<span> </span>Petrovich chose three separate columns;
whereas I chose three separate rows at the end of the <i>ayin</i> in the first
column.<span> </span>The Hebrew words which make sense
to me are <i>yaal Nam banah, ratsah benah</i>;
translating to <b>“Be pleased, Nam, (with) builders;
accept reconstructing.”<span> </span></b>It is
written in Hebraic verb-subject-object form; whereas English is written in
subject-verb-object form and would read, “Nam, be pleased (with) builders.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(2974) yaal = to show willingness, be pleased, determine,
undertake </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1129) banah = builders</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(7521) ratsah = be pleased, satisfy a debt, received
favorably, accept</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1124) bena = reconstructing, rebuilding</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai <b>346a</b>: The front of the statuette has top-down
glyphs beginning on the right shoulder (three of which are too faint to be read)
which curve to the left on the lower part of the body.<span> </span>The left shoulder has top-down glyphs in
which the last three are crammed together to avoid the glyphs begun on the
right shoulder. I assume all the glyphs were written by the same person with no
pupils in the eyes.<span> </span>Since 346b and the
right shoulder begin with <i>ayin, lamed, nahash</i>; I determined the right
shoulder glyphs to be the first column, and the left shoulder glyphs to be the
second column. <span> </span>Because the right
shoulder had questionable letters, I began with the left.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column I: /ay/, /l/, /n/, ?, ?, /t/, ?,
/m/, /t/, /l/, /b/, /ay/, /l/, /t/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column II: /z/, /l/, /s/, /g/, /m/, /r/,
/ay/, /t/, [/v/] [Petrovich is only one who suggests the /v/; I choose not to use it.]</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column II in Hebrew:<span> </span><i>Zu lu
sug morah ta</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “. . . who, I pray, turns away terror (from)
chamber.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for column II:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(2098) zu = this, which, <u>who</u></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3863) lu = if, if haply, peradventure, <u>I pray thee</u>,
though, I would, would God that</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">(5432) Sese = to drive away,
banish; measure</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(7735) sug = to hedge in -- make to grow.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(5473) sug = to fence about, to hem in; bind</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(5472) sug = turned, to move away, turn away, backslide, to
flinch</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4177a) morah = a razor</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4172) morah = a fear, a terror</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4787) Morrah = trouble</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(8372) Ta = <u>a chamber</u>; guardroom</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible words for column I in Hebrew: /ay/, /l/, /n/,
?, ?, /t/, ?, /m/, /t/, /l/, /b/, /ay/, /l/, /t/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">{Working backwards}</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(1173) the last four glyphs spell “Baalat”, the female
“mistress” of Baal</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The phonemes of the three glyphs prior to Baalat are
/m/, /t/, /l/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(4972)
mattlaah =</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"> </span>what a trouble! -- what a weariness.<span> </span>A compound word from . . .</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 17.25pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4100) mah = what, how long,
oft, what end, good, purpose, thing,<span>
</span>AND <br />
(8513) tlaah = weariness, hardship</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4191) muwth = to die, to kill</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3964) mah = that, what, whatever, how, why</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3971) muwm = a stain, blemish, defect</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3972) muwmah = a speck, fault</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(8372) ta = a chamber</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(2894) Tu = to sweep</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(2904) tul = to hurl, carry away, utterly cast down, forth,
out, send out; overthrow, rejection</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(8510) tel = a mound</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(8518) talah = to suspend</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">-(8522) tliy = a quiver (hung/suspended from shoulder)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(8524) talal = to pile up, to elevate, <u>to exalt</u>; to
mock, deceive, trifle with</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Since 346b is a petition to be pleased with the
reconstructing; it is likely <b>346a</b> is also a petition.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">First two phonemes are /ay/, /l/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(2973)
yaal = to be foolish, to show wicked folly</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span>(2974)
yaal =</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">
</span>to show willingness, <u>be pleased</u>, determine, undertake (to do
anything)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3276) yaal = to confer or gain profit or benefit<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The next three phonemes are /n/ and two that are too
difficult to determine.<span> </span>For the first
mystery letter, Petrovich suggested a /ch/ enclosure, which could be a sideways
/ah/ ox-head.<span> </span>For the second mystery
letter, Petrovich suggested an /l/ shepherd’s crook.<span> </span>I suggest it is a curved-arm /h/ (as in Sinai
362) with a short body (as in Sinai 374).<span>
</span>So I suggest the next three phonemes are /n/, /ah/, /h/.<span> </span>Or that there is only one large mystery
letter which is an ox-head facing right like the fish in the other column.</span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(4994) na = I pray,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"> </span>I beseech, pray
thee you, go to, now, oh</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4998) naah = <u>be at home</u>, be pleasant, be befitting</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(4999) naah = habitations, pastures</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">The next three phonemes are /t/ and another mystery
letter and /m/.<span> </span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(8641) terumah = a sacrifice,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"> </span>gift,
heave offering, oblation, <u>offering</u>, contribution</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(8649) tormah = fraud, deceit, treachery</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of Sinai <b>346a</b> column I in Hebrew: <i>yaal naah terumah talal Baalat</i></span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Be pleased to be at home; an offering to
exalt Baalat.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My complete translation of Sinai <b>346a</b> in Hebrew: <i>Yaal naah; terumah talal Baalat, zu, lu, sug
morah ta</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Be pleased to be at home; an offering to
exalt Baalat, who, I pray, turns away terror (from) chamber.”</span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">My translation of Sinai <b>346b </b>in Hebrew: <i>yaal Nam banah ratsah benah</i>.<br />
English: “Be pleased, Nam, (with) builders; accept reconstructing.”</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"><span>
</span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 349</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 349 is a steliform (in shape of a stele) on a
boulder near mine L and Wadi Tleha.<span> </span>The
steliform was written sinistrograde (right to left) as in Biblical Hebrew,
regardless of the fact the animals and humans face left; thus providing
evidence that Biblical Hebrew existed prior to Egyptian hieroglyphs which face
the direction from which they are to be read.<span>
</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row I: /ah/, /n/, /t/, /z/, /sh/, /p/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for row I: <i>Antah zu shaaph</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(607) antah = Thee, <u>Thou</u>, or you (singular)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(2098) zu = this, which, <u>who</u></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(7602) <u>shaaph</u> = <u>desire</u> earnestly or pant (Job
7:2), devour, hasten (Ec. 1:5), trample (Ps. 56:2, 57:3), snuff up (Jer. 2:24),
swallow up<span> </span><span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row I could be: “Thou/You who hastens/desire or
bruises/overwhelms . . .”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row II:<span>
</span>/r/, /b/, /n/, /ts/, /b/, /n/, /m/, /sh/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for row II:<i> riyb naats biyn</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(7378) riyb = to plead, to contend, to quarrel<span> </span>V</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(5006) naats = to spurn, treat with contempt, despise,
blaspheme<span> </span>V</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(995) biyn = to discern, <u>consider</u>, understand<span> </span>Verb</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row II could be: “. . . to contend to blaspheme,
consider the burden/oracle/tribute ”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row III:<span>
</span>/ay/, /r/, /k/, /m/, /l/, /b/, /ay/, /l/, /t/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible words for row III: <i>yare kemo lo Baalat.<span> </span></i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3372) yare’ = affright, be make afraid, dreadful, <u>put in
fearful reverence</u>, terrible act, fear <span> </span><span> </span>Verb</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3644) kemo = like, as, <u>when</u>, such; thus, so</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3808) lo = no, <u>before</u>, or else, ere, except,
ignorant, much, less, nay, not</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">Baalat, consort of Baal</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row III could be: “. . . to put (you) in fearful
reverence when before Baalat.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row IV:<span>
</span>/v/, /t/, /l/, /ah/, /ch/, /n/, /z/, /l/, [/v/]</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">[Petrovich is only one who suggests a /v/ at end of this row; I choose not to
use it.]</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for row IV: <i>uwth la chanah azal</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(225) uwth = to consent, agree<span> </span>Verb </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3809) la/lah = <u>not</u>, or even, neither, none cannot,
as nothing, without</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(2583) chanah = to decline, bend down, <u>to encamp</u><span> </span>Verb</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(235) azal = to go, to depart, go away, disappear<span> </span>Verb</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row IV could be: “. . . Agree not to encamp.<span> </span>Depart . . .”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row V:<span>
</span>/ay/, /sh/, /ah/, /m/, /ay/, /l/, ?</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for row V: <i>Yeshimah al.</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3451) yeshimah = death, desolation<span> </span>(Psalm 55:15<span>
</span>“Let death seize . . .”)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(5921) al = upon, above, over, against</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row V could be: “. . . to despair feeble . . . OR<span> </span>. . . desolation wailing<span> </span>OR</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Death upon (you)!</span><span> </span></u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row VI:<span>
</span>?, /ah/, /sh/, /p/, /m/, /v/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for row VI: <i>[Hala] yaash pi-hem</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">If vav begins row, then</span> [(1933) Hava = to be<span> OR </span>(1934) Hava = to exist<span></span>]</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">If qoph begins row, then (6958) qo = vomit, spew out</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">If lamed begins row, then </span><span style="line-height: 107%;">(1972) hala.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(1972) hala =</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"> </span>to be removed far
off; <u>outcast</u><span> </span>Verb </span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(2976) <u>yaash</u> = to despair, one that is desperate, be
no hope<span> </span>Verb</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(6310) peh = mouth<span> </span><span> </span>pim = according (I Sam. 13:21);<span> </span><u>pi-hem</u> “by their mouth/word”
(Deut.21:5)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row VI could be: “Outcast beyond hope by (your) word.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of row VII:<span>
</span>/ay/, /sh/, /ts/, /ay/, /q/, ?</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible Hebrew words for row VII: <i>yesh tsiyiy qaah.</i></span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">(3426) yesh = there are, he, it, shall, there, there may,
there shall, there should be</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(6728) tsiyiy = nomad, desert/wilderness dweller</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(6958) qo = vomit, spew out;<span>
</span>qaah = spewed out (Lev. 18:28)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Row VII could be: “There, a nomad spewed out.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible complete translation of Sinai 349: (Hebrew) <i>Antah zu shaaph riyb naats biyn yare kemo lo
Baalat. Uwth la chanah; azal. Yeshimah al! [Hala] yaash pi-hem yesh tsiyiy
qaah.</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">(English) “You who desire to blaspheme, consider the
burden to put (you) in fearful reverence when before Baalat.<span> </span>Agree not to encamp; depart!<span> </span>Death upon (you)!<span> </span>[Outcast] beyond/without hope by (your) word;
there, a nomad spewed out.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai
351</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 351 is a two-piece steliform (in shape of a
stele) on a rock slab which included Sinai 353, and from which Sinai boulder
349 boulder was broken off; all near mine L and Wadi Tleha.<span> </span>The steliform was written top to bottom with
an illustration on the right of Ptah framed/enshrined and standing on a rock
labelled <i>ma’at</i>.<span> </span>Ptah is holding a <i>was</i> scepter.<span> </span>Column I is
next to Ptah.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column I: /s/, /b/, /sh/, /n/, /m/, /sh/,
/n/, /ts/, /b/, /v/, /tov/ [ME /nfr/]</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew: <i>Sabib
shenayim massa shay naah tsebi bah hava tob.</i></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation for column I:<span> </span>“Surrounded twice, a tribute; a gift
befitting her glory is good.”<span>
</span>(completion of a double wall to protect turquoise of Baalat/Hathor)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column II:<span>
</span>/m/, /ah/, /h/, /b/, /m/, /t/, /v/, /sh/, /t/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew:<span> </span><i>Mah yaah bamah hava shith</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation for column II:<span> </span>“Whatever befits a high place is placed.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible complete translation of Sinai 351, Hebrew: <i>Sabib shenayim massa shay naah tsebi bah
hava tob. Mah yaah bamah hava shith</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Surrounded twice, a tribute; a gift
befitting her glory is good. Whatever befits a high place is placed.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 353</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 353 is a steliform (shape of a stele) on a rock
slab which included Sinai 351, and from which Sinai boulder 349 boulder was
broken off; all near mine L and Wadi Tleha.<span>
</span>The steliform has three vertical columns red top-down, and right to
left.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column I: /ay/, /t/, /ya/, /ah/, /sh/,
/ch/, /m/, /sh/, /h/, <u>/b/, /ay/, /l/, /t/</u></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column II:<span>
</span>/g/, /d/, /n/, /sh/, /ah/, /r/, /q/, <u>/m/, /t/</u></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of column III:<span> </span>/ch/, /g/, /sh/, /m/, /ah/, /t/, /l/, <u>/b/,
/l/</u>, /m/, /n/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation for column I in Hebrew: “<i>Eth
yaah shachah ma shaah ha Baalat</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English “A befitting homage that delights the
(goddess) Baalat.”</span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation for column II in Hebrew:<span> </span><i>Gaah
din, shay raqa ma’at</i>.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">“To exalt (raise up) judgment: a gift to spread forth <i>ma’at</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation for column III in Hebrew: Hebrew:<span> </span><i>Chayay
geeh, shama eth.<span> </span>Lu Baal manon</i>.<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “To live proud, to understand yourself;
perhaps Baal shall have you [his] son.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible complete translation of Sinai 353 in Hebrew:
“Eth yaah shachah ma shaah ha Baalat:<span> </span><i>gaah din, shay raqa ma’at</i>; c<i>hayay geeh, shama eth.<span> </span>Lu Baal manon</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “A befitting homage that delights the
(goddess) Baalat: to exalt (raise up) judgment: a gift to spread forth <i>ma’at</i>.<span>
</span>To live proud, to understand yourself. Perhaps Baal shall have you [his]
son.”</span><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 357</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 357 is inside mine L at Serabit el-Kahadim.<span> </span>It was carved into the northern wall of the
southern chamber.<span> </span>It consists of one
vertical column (read top to bottom) and one horizontal row (in which the
characters face right, so it is read sinistrograde).<span> </span>The figures in the vertical column are
slightly larger than those of the horizontal row; and therefore, were likely
carved at two different times by different scribes.<span> </span>The rendition of the <i>mayim</i> letters of the horizontal row contain three regular peaks,
whereas the <i>mayim</i> letters of the
vertical column contain three to four irregular peaks. The last figures of the
vertical column include a zigzag line to separate it from the last figures in
the horizontal row; thus it was written after the horizontal row.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of horizontal row: /ay/, /b/, /r/, /ah/, /r/,
/m/, /ah/, /ay/, /m/, /n/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew:<span> </span>“<i>Abar
yare.<span> </span>Im yaah aman</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation for horizontal row:<span> </span>“Cross over, fear.<span> </span>If befitting, turn right.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column:<span> </span>/ah/, /n/, /th/, /sh/, /g/, /n/, /s/, /k/,
/m/, /ts/, /ah/, /b/, /b/, /m/, /l/, /k/ </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew “<i>In toah shagah nasi ki mitstsab/mitstsabah
bah melek/melkah</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible vertical translation: “Is it not a
wandering/error/disturbance to go astray (to the) ruler for garrison/guard
entry (to the) king/queen?”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible complete translation in Hebrew: “<i>Abar
yare.<span> </span>Im yaah aman.<span> </span>In toah shagah nasi ki mitstsab/mitstsabah
bah melek/melkah.</i>”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Cross over, fear.<span> </span>If befitting, turn right.<span> </span>Is it not a wandering/error/disturbance to go
astray (to the) ruler for garrison/guard (who has) entry (to the) king/queen?”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 360</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 360 was discovered in a tumulus about 150 meters
southesat of Mine K at Serabit el-Kahadim.<span>
</span>It has one vertical column (read top to bottom) of eleven letters.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column:<span> </span>/ah/, /sh/, /b/, /ah/, /t/, /z/, /t/, /b/,
/sh/, /n/, /sh/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation in Hebrew: “<i>Iy, shaba ‘athah zeh
tebuah shay neshi</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation in English: “Woe, swear to bring
here revenue (as) homage debt.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 361</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 361 was discovered near the entrance of Mine N
at Serabit el-Kahadim.<span> </span>It consists of a
large, small and one missing fragment which contains the rest of two
glyphs.<span> </span>It has four vertical columns
with the heads of snakes facing right, and the head of an ox-head facing
left.<span> </span>Petrovich read the columns from
right to left; thus from the right I will number them column I, II, III, and IV
(being furthest left).<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Instead of a reference to Moses and the Israelites
servitude in Egypt, I perceive Sinai 361 to be an innkeeper’s advertisement
assuring Hebrews they won’t be molested if they sleep next to Baalat’s temple.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column I:<span> </span>/b/, /sh/, /ch/, /b/, /sh/, /n/, /m/, /sh/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column I in Hebrew: “<i>Bow
shaa, chayay.<span> </span>Bow shaan; mah shaah</i>.”
English: “Enter to look upon with delight, to be restored to health.<span> </span>Come in to be at ease; whatever delights
(you).”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column II:<span> </span>/ah/, /z/, /t/, /m/, /h/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column II in Hebrew: “<i>Azaz
tummah</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Integrity prevails.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column III:<span> </span>/sh/, /n/, /t/, /m/, /h/, /n/, /ah/, /ay/, <u>/l/</u></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column III in Hebrew: “<i>Shaan
et/attah.<span> </span>Mahah henah al</i> . . . </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “You rest securely.<span> </span>Tarry here beside . . .”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column IV:<span> </span>/b/, /ah/, /l/, /t/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column IV in Hebrew: “<i>Baalat</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Baalat.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible complete translation of Sinai 361 in Hebrew:
“<i>Bow shaa, chayay.<span> </span>Bow shaan; mah
shaah.<span> </span>Azaz tummah. Shaan et/attah.<span> </span>Mahah henah al Baalat</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Enter to look upon with delight, to be
restored to health.<span> </span>Come in to be at
ease; whatever delights (you).<span> </span>Integrity
prevails.<span> </span>You (feminine) rest
securely.<span> </span>Tarry here beside Baalat.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 375a</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 375A was discovered in a dump outside of Mine M
at Serabit el-Kahadim.<span> </span>It has two
vertical columns with the head of an ox-head facing left in the first, and a
fish facing right in the second.<span>
</span>Petrovich read both vertical columns dextrograde (from left to
right).<span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Petrovich concluded four of the marks in the first column
were Egyptian hieroglyphs.<span> </span>What he saw
as Middle Egyptian glyph F20 for “overseer”, I see as the right angle mark for
PCH /g/.<span> </span>Petrovich saw the plus sign as
an abbreviation glyph M42 for “the office” of the “overseer”, I see it as the
PCH <i>tayish</i> (“goat”) for /t/.<span> </span>After the ox-head, Petrovich saw a PCH
enclosure of a rectangle with two smaller squares, but in his photograph, I see
no vertical bar separating the two squares.<span>
</span>Instead, I view an enclosure of three equal squares just like the last
letter of the vertical column.<span> </span>But
following the 3-square enclosure of the first horizontal column, it seems an
extra square representing <i>bet</i> is
present. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">In the second vertical row, I suggest Petrovich’s eye
and mouth are switched, with the fullness of two smiling lips of the mouth
above the eye with its tear duct.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">I suggest the graphic in the middle of Sinai 375A is a
directional arrow to the inn with a little well beside it.<span> </span>This is another innkeeper’s sign to direct
Hebrew traffic towards an inn.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column I:<span> </span>/g/, /t/, /ah/, /ch/, /b/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew: “<i>Gaah, attah achab, bo</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column I: “Be proud, you
lovers, come in.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of vertical column II:<span> </span>/s/, /m/, /k/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew: “<i>Samak</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of column II: “Rest.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Phonemes of horizontal column:<span> </span>/h/, /g/, /ah/, /p/, /ay/, /sh/, /k/, /ch/</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Hebrew: “<i>Hagah peah sok che</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of horizontal column: “Decide
tabernacle/inn direction now.”</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Possible translation of Sinai 375A in Hebrew: “<i>Gaah,
attah achab, bo.<span> </span>Samak.<span> </span>Hagah peah sok che</i>.”</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">English: “Be proud, you lovers, come in.<span> </span>Rest.<span>
</span>Decide tabernacle/inn direction now.”</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 378</span></b></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 107%;">Sinai 378 was discovered amidst rock debris in the
southern hall of Mine L at Serabit el-Kahadim.<span>
</span>Sinai 378 is a piece of what was a larger engraved stone.<span> </span>Due to the smoothed vertical right edge and
the straight horizontal groove beneath the lamed pictograph, Sinai 378 is only
the lower right corner piece. It contains two vertical columns with the head of
the ox-head facing left.<span> </span>The left-most
column contains one vertical stroke, likely representing the number one.<span> </span>The right column contains two pictographs for
aleph and lamed, so the text ended with “-el” of someone’s name, or with “El”
meaning God.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-40221569310734219012016-03-11T12:17:00.002-08:002021-04-11T08:37:53.462-07:00Genesis Solves Sumerian King List<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">By God's grace I have resolved the numeric reigns of the Sumerian King List so that they equal their subtotals, determined which dynasties were concurrent with each other, and synchronized them to the Bible's chronology. The book is titled, <i>Genesis Solves Sumerian King List</i>, and it is available at <a href="https://www.createspace.com/6057025" target="_blank">Amazon</a> (I also uploaded it to IngramSpark, but Amazon is quicker and less expensive.) I have updated my interactive <a href="http://www.pharaohsofthebible.com/" target="_blank">timeline</a> with the new regnal dates. For those interested in Bible chronology and archaeology, a synopsis of the book follows.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><i>Genesis Solves Sumerian King List</i>, provides regnal dates connecting Ham's son Cush (Gishur) through Hammurabi. The </span></span>application of Biblical
markers of time, temperature, and tyranny clarify abrupt changes in site
stratigraphy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Noah and his family
descended from Mt. Ararat in 2347 BC and planted grains and a vineyard, raised
“clean” animals, built homes, produced red-black burnished ware, and made tools
and created arsenical bronze according to the surrounding sites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their children lived an average of 445
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2247 BC Peleg was born, and
God established the four couples as leaders of river nations in the “four
quarters of the earth”: Noah (China), Japheth (India), Shem (Mesopotamia), and
Ham (Africa) prior to the snow blitz of the Ice Age described by Job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The homes were built closer together and had
high or roof entrances during this time of snow drifts. Ur shows a drop in sea
level followed by a rise above sea level as glaciers melted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
<span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Though Cush fathered a nation (Ethiopia) in Africa, he returned to rule
the cities he built in Sumer/Shinar: Ur, Kish, and Uruk/Erech.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cush of Ur became known as CushUr (Gishur in
Sumerian King List) and had a son named Nimrod (Enmerkar).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cush was not adept at making pottery, but his
might could make people submit to him (the Ubaid expansion), and his son Nimrod
was an even worse tyrant (the Uruk expansion).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nimrod thought a fortified city (Babel) and a massive ziggurat could
protect him and his people from being moved again. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This time God not only scattered the people
(Early Bronze Age abandonment), but He also created about seventy base
languages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The original language was
Akkadian (a form of ancient Hebrew) which was written using cuneiform; Nimrod’s
was dubbed “Sumerian.” </span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">458 years later</span></span></span>, Nimrod's Babel became Hammurabi's Babylon .</span></span></span>Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-50509310083837576612012-11-22T10:03:00.000-08:002012-11-22T10:03:03.722-08:00Phoenician Judgment Postponed 400 years<h4 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The
Amorites</span></span></h4>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">“<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">And
he said to Abram, Know of a surety that your seed shall be a stranger
in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall
afflict them four hundred years; And also that nation, whom they
shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with
great substance. And you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall
be buried in a good old age. But in the fourth generation they shall
come here again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.
And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark,
behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between
those pieces. In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram,
saying, To your seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt
to the great river, the river Euphrates: The Kenites, and the
Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, And the Hittites, and the Perizzites,
and the Rephaims, And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the
Girgashites, and the Jebusites.” (Genesis 15:13-21) </span></span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHK8aoF0XRlj5QbndTYEq-lxk4yjDHV8i_3dUtEmelUma_P4MSziEFTa-Uf4M98s0pjFxbv5_PnsWD-qaqlkfts_NG7y8wPSmKar1Px_qI09Z5dVv1zZQ0-JWy31pEQ1ItnUEEIjDz-9m6/s1600/PhoenicianTradeMap.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHK8aoF0XRlj5QbndTYEq-lxk4yjDHV8i_3dUtEmelUma_P4MSziEFTa-Uf4M98s0pjFxbv5_PnsWD-qaqlkfts_NG7y8wPSmKar1Px_qI09Z5dVv1zZQ0-JWy31pEQ1ItnUEEIjDz-9m6/s320/PhoenicianTradeMap.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-size: small;"> [The map is from Wikimedia Commons under GNU license.]</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-size: small;">The LORD (YHWH)</span> lists 10 tribes which the descendants of Abraham were to drive out of
the promised land between the Nile and the Euphrates rivers, but
makes a special reference to the wealthiest of those tribes, the
Amorites. The land of Amurru was north of Canaan, roughly from Tyre
and Damascus north to Aleppo. Those who traded at their major ports
for cedar and their unique dyes of purple and crimson (</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US"><i>phoinos</i></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">
in Greek) called the area Phoenicia. A tribe of Amorites also lived
in the lands west of the Jordan river. The first pharaoh of the
fourth dynasty, Sneferu (1977-1953 BC), bought cedars from Byblos.
Yahweh's promise to Abram came in 1921 BC when He decreed 400 years
for the sins of the wealthy city-states of Amurru/Phoenicia to reach
their peak of wickedness.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="en-US">Exodus
12:41 and </span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Galatians
3:16-17 reference the exodus as being 430 years from the Genesis 15
promise which was given to Abram on Nisan 14, 1921 BC. But the
actual 400 years is from when Ishmael, the half-Egyptian son of
Hagar, mocked Isaac when he was weaned in 1891 BC. The exodus
occurred during the reign of Ramesses I on Nisan 14, 1491 BC.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<h4 style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The</span></span><b><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span><b>United States</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></b></h4>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
Amorites/Phoenicians avoided war and were the wealthiest nation of
the old world. The United States of America have had unprecedented
peace, and have been the wealthiest nation of the new world for most
of its existence.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">On
April 29, 1607, a group from England erected a seven-foot cross at
Cape Henry (now Virginia Beach), and Rev. Robert Hunt prayed the
following: </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">“Almighty God, by your great mercy we have reached this
land, which we now claim and establish for Thy eternal purposes. We
ask thee to open hearts and enlighten the understanding of the
peoples of these shores to comprehend the glorious gospel of Jesus
Christ.” (see CBN's </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><i><a href="http://www.cbn.com/redir/redirect.aspx?p=http://www.firstlandingthemovie.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">First
Landing the Movie</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></i><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">)
</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
King James Version of the Holy Bible was completed in 1611, and
Pilgrims brought it to America in 1620. Our country had every
physical and spiritual advantage, but each generation must choose to
love and obey King Jesus and disciple the next generation. Our
heavenly Father graciously sent spiritual revivals and great
awakenings to renew people's faith in the land.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Although
no decree was made regarding the USA (unless you believe it is
“<i>mystery Babylon</i>”, I certainly see a pattern which would signify
the judgment and soon collapse of the United States.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-84871639098364436422012-08-18T13:35:00.002-07:002016-10-09T18:33:24.509-07:00Bible's Shishak was Heqakheperre Sheshonk IIa<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The
Bible's Shishak was Heqakheperre Sheshonk IIa</b></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">by
Eve <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Eng<span style="font-size: x-small;">elbrite </span>©</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">2012</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">There is evidence supporting why Heqakheperre Sheshonk
IIa was the biblical Shishak and why Sheshonk I was not the biblical
Shishak. The evidence makes the most historical sense in accordance
to my new high chronology,<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote1sym" name="sdfootnote1anc"><sup>1</sup></a>
and so I will provide the necessary background information. <span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">I
maintain that Joshua retook the “</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en"><i>country
of Goshen</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote2sym" name="sdfootnote2anc"><sup>2</sup></a>
in 1451-1444 BC during the reign of Rameses II (1480-1414 BC), and
that the weak pharaohs of the 19</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">th</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">,
20</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">th</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">,
and early 21</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">st</span></span></sup></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">
dynasties did nothing about it, except for Merenptah (1414-1394 BC)
who retook a few cities from the new owners called “Israel”.
Judge Deborah (</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US">1339-1299
BC)</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en">
described a major volcanic eruption<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote3sym" name="sdfootnote3anc"><sup>3</sup></a>
which occurred in the eighth year of Rameses III (1310 BC) when he
allowed homeless Sea People to live among the Philistines.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Prince Hadad
escaped to Sheshonk I and married queen Patareshnes' sister</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;">As
David conquered Edom; Hadad, the child prince of Edom, was carried
off to Egypt by servants, and later returned to rule Edom as an
adult. The history provides a very important clue.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.08in; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">For
it came to pass, when David was in Edom, and Joab the captain of the
host was gone up to bury the slain, after he had smitten every male
in Edom . . . That Hadad fled, he and certain Edomites of his
father's servants with him, to go into Egypt; Hadad being yet a
little child. And they arose out of Midian, and came to Paran: and
they took men with them out of Paran, and </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>they
came to Egypt, to Pharaoh king of Egypt; which gave him an house, and
appointed him victuals, and gave him land. And Hadad found great
favor in the sight of Pharaoh, so that he gave him to wife the sister
of his own wife, the sister of </u></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><u><b>Tahpenes</b></u></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>
the queen</u></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">.
And the sister of </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><b>Tahpenes</b></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">
bore him Genubath his son, whom Tahpenes weaned in Pharaoh's house:
and Genubath was in Pharaoh's household among the </span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><u>sons</u></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">
of Pharaoh. And when Hadad heard in Egypt that David slept with his
fathers, and that Joab the captain of the host was dead, Hadad said
to Pharaoh, Let me depart, that I may go to my own country. (I Kings
11:13-21) </span></span></span></span></i></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;">I
suggest that prince Hadad and company came under the protection of
Sheshonk I, who had at least three sons, and his wife Patareshnes (a
very similar name to Tahpenes).<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote4sym" name="sdfootnote4anc"><sup>4</sup></a>
Her father was Nemareth, the "Great Chief of the Foreigners,"
and more likely open to a marriage arrangement with a foreigner. The
sister of Patareshnes, Hadad's bride, is not named. I suggest this
wedding took place about 1035 BC during the latter years of Sheshonk
I.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
</div>
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<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 536px;">
<colgroup><col width="119"></col></colgroup></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkxX5_YrrFe43Ys-t4iUPkvdFzw8NeHyGfJxihxIFkChT9UtWdZpJZmqtxDadRbULgs_meGHZEX-IkHdjo13-rzhDJbOvDBUcxwuMjfrTTku0fQE3fz0Qtd5HyS-5cCghxu-bJOUjsq48/s1600/Patareshnes-chart.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkxX5_YrrFe43Ys-t4iUPkvdFzw8NeHyGfJxihxIFkChT9UtWdZpJZmqtxDadRbULgs_meGHZEX-IkHdjo13-rzhDJbOvDBUcxwuMjfrTTku0fQE3fz0Qtd5HyS-5cCghxu-bJOUjsq48/s640/Patareshnes-chart.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
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</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Patareshnes has the syllables /pa/, /ta/, /resh/, and
/nes/. Tahpanes has the syllables /ta/, /pa/, and /nes/; three out
of four. Patareshnes was married to Sheshonk, whose name sounds like
Shishak. The glyph for 'n' was sometimes dropped. Thus Sheshonk I
was more likely to have lived during the reign of king David.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;">King
David died in fall of 1015 BC, which was during the reign of Osorkon
I when Hadad likely asked to return to Edom and was given leave.
Unless the Bible actually names the pharaoh, you can not assume that
only one pharaoh dealt with a particular Hebrew person in the text.
And even when the Bible does name a pharaoh, several pharaohs used
the same name.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">I think Manetho's three other kings after Osorkon I were
all sons named Sheshonk from Hedjkheperre Sheshonk I and three
different wifes: Heqakheperre Sheshonk IIa to Karoama, Tutkheperre
Sheshonk IIb to Patareshnes, and Maakheperre Sheshonk IIc to an
unknown consort. </span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ussher
placed Jeroboam fleeing to Shishak in 978 BC based upon his knowledge
of Egyptian chronology at the time; the date may be correct, but
Ussher's Egyptian chronology was not. Many more artefacts have been
discovered in Egypt and Israel since the seventeenth century. In the
19<sup>th</sup> century, better parameters were established for
digging a site and for dating objects by the pottery types. In the
20<sup>th</sup> century the Egyptian chronology became the standard
by which all other chronologies were based, but by the 21<sup>st</sup>
century, archaeologists outside of Egypt realised Egypt's chronology
was 200 years off. My chronology resolves those issues by basing all
chronologies on the standard of the Holy Bible.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3R9X39SuSFqqECvFh88i04uhCt3kwycGgdfPL5z8JsVFi2TMxohy-0PdhPgQ5JueIBIVMTl2k1p2XDN1ZGHj-B02UuyJmLI6epf1m0VotxCpT_cnRXOy7Dl73CLR7N-pTWfHA4xkBowo/s1600/21stDynasty-IsraelKings.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3R9X39SuSFqqECvFh88i04uhCt3kwycGgdfPL5z8JsVFi2TMxohy-0PdhPgQ5JueIBIVMTl2k1p2XDN1ZGHj-B02UuyJmLI6epf1m0VotxCpT_cnRXOy7Dl73CLR7N-pTWfHA4xkBowo/s640/21stDynasty-IsraelKings.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
<h2 class="western" style="font-style: normal;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The
Battles at the Wall (“<i>Shur</i>”)</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">Both Saul and David
refer to fighting the Amalekites at Shur,<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote5sym" name="sdfootnote5anc"><sup>5</sup></a>
and both Siamun and Sheshonk I have reference to battles against
Asiatics, with Sheshonk I specifically citing the Bitter Lakes.
According to the </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Prophecy of Neferty</i></span><span style="font-size: small;">,
Amenemhat I built the “</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Walls-of-the-Ruler
to bar </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Asiatics</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
from entering Egypt”. In Hebrew, the word “wall” is </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i>shur.</i></span><span style="font-size: small;">
Amenemhat I built </span><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">a
north/south barrier from the Bitter Lakes to El-Ballah Lake. I
propose that Siamun had established Amalekite strongholds in the
Sinai to protect trade on the road, known as the “</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">way
to Shur</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">”
(Genesis 16:7), between the wall of the eastern Nile delta and
Israel. </span></span></b></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">In
Tanis, where the majority of Siamun artifacts were found, a calcite
bas-relief depicts Siamun in the traditional pose smiting an enemy
holding a double axe. Avaris had been a port of commerce for Minoans
during the early 18</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">th</span></span></span></sup></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">
dynasty; and Minoan-influenced Sea Peoples who used such axes had
returned to live in the Nile delta during the early 20</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><sup><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">th</span></span></span></sup></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">
dynasty. I conjecture that pharaoh Siamun drove the Judahites and
Sea Peoples out of Goshen and reestablished Egypt's border at the
Wall (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en"><i>Shur</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">)
of the Ruler. I further propose that about 1067 BC Siamun also held
his Wall border when “</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><i>Saul
smote the Amalekites from Havilah until you come to Shur, that is
over against Egypt.</i></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">”
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">(I
Samuel 15:7)</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Twelve years later I suggest Sheshonk I aided general
David in killing “<i>the Amalekites . . . as you go to Shur</i>”
(<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US">I
Samuel 27:8)</span></span></span> at the Wall of the Ruler north of
the Bitter Lakes. Sheshonk's badly broken stela at Karnak recorded
his victory over the Sinai bedouin: </span>
</div>
<blockquote>
“[Iuput] the First [Prophet] of Amon-Re, . . . victory
in the . . . lands of Asia, Lord of the Two Lands, Hej[kheper]re . .
. Now [My Majesty] <u>discovered</u> [that . . .] [. . . they ]
killed [. . . my soldiers and?] my leaders. Then His majesty <u>pondered</u>
concerning them . . . Then His Majesty said to his entourage [that
was in the following]: ['Behold . . .] <u>these wretched deeds that
they have done</u>.' Then they said [before His Majesty . . .] [Then
His Majesty went forth . . .], his chariotry following him, without
their knowing. Now […] Among them His Majesty made a great
slaughter […] and he [slew] them ashore on the bank of the <b>Bitter
Lakes</b>. . . .”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote6sym" name="sdfootnote6anc"><sup>6</sup></a></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
discovery which Sheshonk I made during his first year as pharaoh may
have been from reading Siamun's journals of how he repaid the bedouin
who robbed his caravans and slew his soldiers, or it may have been a
new and similar report. Or Siamun's journal may have boasted of how
he took credit for Saul's slaughter at the wall/</span></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">shur</span></i></span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">,
and so Sheshonk I took credit for David's slaughter at the wall.
Neither Saul nor David mentioned engaging Egyptian troops at their
wall border. </span></span></span></span></span></b></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Seeing
the military might with which David dispatched the Amalekites may
have caused Sheshonk I to avoid attacking Israel. Instead, Sheshonk
I may have taken boats with troops to Byblos in the “lands of Asia”
to restore Egypt's trade (and share of taxes) there.</span></span></span></span></span></b></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Sheshonk I Traded
with Abi-Baal who was Hiram's father</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Byblite kings inscribed their names upon statues (modern
example pictured) given to them from pharaohs with whom they traded.
<span style="font-size: small;">Sheshonk I gave Abi-Baal, king of Byblos, a seated
statue of himself<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote7sym" name="sdfootnote7anc"><sup>7</sup></a>
in recognition of their continued trade agreements. Sheshonk's son,
Osorkon I, gave </span>Eli-Baal a statue of himself.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote8sym" name="sdfootnote8anc"><sup>8</sup></a>
</span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">According to Josephus, Meander of Ephesus
wrote “When Abi-baal was dead, his son Hiram received the kingdom
from him, who, when he had lived fifty-three years, reigned
thirty-four,” and that the construction of Solomon's Temple began
in the twelfth year of Hiram's reign,<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote9sym" name="sdfootnote9anc"><sup>9</sup></a>
which I place at 1011 BC. If so, Hiram reigned from 1023 to 989 BC.
I suggest Abi-Baal willed his son Hiram to rule over Tyre, and willed
his son Eli-Baal (to whom Osorkon I gave a statue) to succeed his
father in Byblos. Hiram traded with both kings David and Solomon. </span></span>
</div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>And
Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and
carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house. (II Samuel
5:11)</i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>So
Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his
desire. And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for
food to his household, and twenty measures of pure oil: thus gave
Solomon to Hiram year by year. And the LORD gave Solomon wisdom, as
he promised him: and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon; and
they two made a league together. (I Kings 5:10-12) </i></span></span></span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US">A
sarcophagus of a “</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">son
of A</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en"><u>hiram</u></span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en">,
king of Byblos”</span></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote10sym" name="sdfootnote10anc"><sup>10</sup></a>
was discovered in Byblos in 1923 AD thus verifying the royal name of
Hiram. The sarcophagus has winged sphinxes carved into it, which
also verifies Phoenician trade with Egypt. Hiram's sarcophagus may
be the large limestone one on a pedestal nicknamed Qabr Hiram
southeast of Tyre.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote11sym" name="sdfootnote11anc"><sup>11</sup></a></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;">The
pharaonic statues of Sheshonk I and Osorkon I sent to Phoenician
kings Abi-Baal and Eli-Baal (who was contemporary with Hiram) provide
another verification that Sheshonk I lived at least a generation
before the biblical Shishak. Hiram traded with kings David and
Solomon, and Osorkon I traded with Hiram's brother Eli-baal; thus
making <span style="font-weight: normal;">Heqakheperre </span>Sheshonk
IIa the better candidate for Shishak and a campaign in Israel during
the fifth year of Solomon's son Rehoboam in 970 BC.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Near
the </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Annals
of Thutmose III</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, Sheshonk I recorded his dues “when
I made it as thy tribute (i.e. Amun's) of the land of Canaan (Khuru)
which had turned away from thee,”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote12sym" name="sdfootnote12anc"><sup>12</sup></a>
which I ascribe to the taxes he retrieved from the city of Megiddo.
Aside from this obscure inscription, “no direct record survives”
of Sheshonk I's temple gifts from a Canaanite campaign.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote13sym" name="sdfootnote13anc"><sup>13</sup></a>
I suggest that Sheshonk I's stela in Megiddo<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote14sym" name="sdfootnote14anc"><sup>14</sup></a>
re-established that city alone in Israel as a vassal of Egypt in
order to do trade with Egypt. The king of the city-state of Byblos
was considered an equal by Sheshonk I just as king Solomon considered
Hiram, king of Tyre, an equal. The wealth of the Phoenicians
afforded them great latitude with the kingdoms around them.</span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
<div align="LEFT" lang="en-US" style="margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sheshonk
I won victories in Phoenicia, Aram (Syria), Sinai and Nubia</span></span></b></b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Sheshonk I may have continued with his troops from
Phoenicia<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote15sym" name="sdfootnote15anc"><sup>15</sup></a>
north and east to defeat his enemies who were still attacking Egypt's
vassals from the mountains, and he referred to these enemies by the
area in which they lived: “two rivers” and “back-country”. </span>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Amun's speech in Sheshonk's victory relief at Karnak
concluded:</span></div>
<blockquote lang="en-US">
<span style="color: black;"><b>“<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Every
country that has come without number – Your Majesty has destroyed
them in the completion of a moment. I have struck for you those who
rebelled against you, suppressing for you the Asiatics. The armies
of </span></span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Mitanni</b></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
– I have slain those belonging to them beneath your sandals.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote16sym" name="sdfootnote16anc"><sup>16</sup></a></span></span></b></span></span></span></blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The
Egyptian word translated Mitanni is </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Nhrn</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
referring to </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">Aram</span></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">-</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Naharim</b></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
which </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">means
“Aram </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><b>two rivers</b></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">”
and refers to the </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">Aram</span></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">aeans
of the upper Tigris and upper Euphrates rivers who had carved out
space for themselves near the Assyrians (descended from Shem's son,
Asshur). According to his annals, Tiglath Pileser I (1115-1076 BC)
fought “Mitanni”/</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Aramaeans</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
about 50 years prior to Sheshonk I's attack. Both kings Saul and
David fought in Aram-Zobah on the road through Damascus, and king
David made it to the Euphrates river.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote17sym" name="sdfootnote17anc"><sup>17</sup></a></span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Shem's
son </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">Aram</span></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
had a son Uz who founded Damascus. Jacob married two wives from
kinsfolk in the area of Padan-Aram (now southeast Turkey), so he
likely learned </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">Aram</span></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">aic.
Aramaic became the major business language of the eastern
Mediterranean countries and spread to others with trade well beyond
the time of Christ. The Aramaeans and Assyrians did not disappear
but became known as different people groups over time. The Aramaeans
were such a large population that they were classified further by the
areas in which they lived.</span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.08in; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in;">
<b><span style="color: black;">“<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">And
the children of Ammon came out, and put the battle in array at the
entering in of the gate: and the Syrians [Aram] of Zoba, and of
Rehob, and Ishtob, and Maacah, were by themselves in the field.”
</span></span></span></span></i></span></span></b><span style="color: black;"><i><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">(II
Samuel 10:8)</span></span></span></span></span></b></i></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.08in; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0.25in; margin-top: 0.08in;">
<b><span style="color: black;">“</span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">So
they went up, and searched the land from the wilderness of Zin unto
Rehob, as men come to Hamath” (Numbers 13:21)</span></span></span></span></span></b></i></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A
couple cities named Rehob exist in the south, but the Aramaeans lived
in the land of Rehob (now Rechaiya) which contained the road to
Hamath. Ishtob is the land of Tob. </span></span></span></span></span></b></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Although
the Mitanni empire had ceased to exist, the two rivers to which
Sheshonk referred had not disappeared. Sheshonk I slew the </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">armies</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
of “two rivers,” yet none of those city names are listed on the
victory wall. Cities #3, 7, 8 refer to Nubia, who are referenced in
one of the central scenes of Sheshonk I and Iuput.</span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<blockquote>
<b>“<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Smiting
the chiefs of the Nubian tribesmen, of all inaccessible foreign
lands, of all the lands of the Phoenicians, and foreign lands of the
Asiatic </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">back-country</span></u></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote18sym" name="sdfootnote18anc"><sup>18</sup></a></span></span></b></blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In
this inscription instead of “two rivers” (</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">Nhrn</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">),
Sheshonk I referred to the “Asiatic back-country” (</span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">phw.w
St.[t]</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">)
which was another 100-200 miles northeast of Hamath. The statue
given to Abi-Baal is evidence that Sheshonk I subdued Byblos whose
ancient name was Gubla which may be #11 in his list with Megiddo #12
and </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-weight: normal;">rbyt</span></i></span></b><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
(Beth-Rehob?) finishing the row at #13. But I conclude the rest of
the cities on the victory wall were conquered by someone else who
actually led a campaign against Israel.</span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Reign
of Sheshonk I (1055-1022 BC)</b></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Since Osorkon I's renewal of heb-sed inscription at
Karnak “strongly suggests that Osorkon I reigned into his
thirty-fourth year,”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote19sym" name="sdfootnote19anc"><sup>19</sup></a>
then Sheshonk I's renewal of heb-sed inscription at Karnak<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote20sym" name="sdfootnote20anc"><sup>20</sup></a>
should also attribute to him at least 33 years. <span style="font-weight: normal;">In
Sheshonk I's 21</span><sup><span style="font-weight: normal;">st</span></sup><span style="font-weight: normal;">
year he began a massive building project called “the Mansion of
Hedjkheperre Setepenre in Thebes”. </span>Some Egyptologists only
give Sheshonk I the 21 years recorded on the Gebel es-Silsilah stela.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gebel es-Silsilah
Stela</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">This was a massive stela cut into the sandstone cliff
almost 3 meters high by 2.5 meters wide with 57 columns of text. It
mentioned heb-sed festival three times, and stated that the building
of the heb-sed court (along with the pylons, colonnade, doors, and
statues) was the main purpose in Sheshonk's “regnal year 21, second
month of summer, on this day while his majesty was in residence at .
. . Re-Horachty.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote21sym" name="sdfootnote21anc"><sup>21</sup></a>
[In the latter years of Ramesses II, Re-Horachty was used to
describe Pi-Ramesses.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote22sym" name="sdfootnote22anc"><sup>22</sup></a>]
Sheshonk I was clearly preparing for his 30<sup>th</sup> year jubilee
celebration 9 years in advance, so he likely knew about how long it
would take to complete such a task.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">According to a 2008
study, with modern tools and power it takes 0.217 million BTU's<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote23sym" name="sdfootnote23anc"><sup>23</sup></a>
to quarry one ton of sandstone.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote24sym" name="sdfootnote24anc"><sup>24</sup></a>
That's just to cut it out of the earth, and does not include
finishing, processing, or transporting it. In the early 1900's at
the Excelsior Stone Quarry of sandstone, “The 10 ton blocks were
cut so that they could be transported to Las Vegas using the 'Big
Devil Wagon'. This frightful locomotive-like behemoth could haul 20
tons of cut stone on a single trip. The odd looking contraption also
burned about 400 gallons of crude oil per day.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote25sym" name="sdfootnote25anc"><sup>25</sup></a>
Quarrying and transporting sandstone takes a lot of time and energy.
</span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Sheshonk I's heb-sed court “was located between the
first and second pylon. The court enclosed the Sety II shrine and the
northern section of the Ramesses III temple. The court was lined on
its northern and southern sides with <span style="text-decoration: none;"><b>sandstone</b></span>
papyrus bud columns.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote26sym" name="sdfootnote26anc"><sup>26</sup></a>
The following is from a Missouri quarry: </span>
</div>
<blockquote>
“<span style="font-size: small;">As a small 2 acre quarry, we <u>hand-cut
about 300 tons in a year</u>. . . . Twenty cubic feet of <span style="text-decoration: none;"><b>sandstone</b></span>
weighs about 1.25ton (2500 lbs). . . . A 20 ft long 2 feet high wall
that is stacked 1 foot deep = 20ft x 2 ft x 1 ft = 40 cu ft.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote27sym" name="sdfootnote27anc"><sup>27</sup></a>
</span>
</blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The completed heb-sed court measured 82 meters by 101
meters (269 X 331 feet), and the western gate had an opening of
17.70m (58 ft) and a total height of 27.50m (90 ft).<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote28sym" name="sdfootnote28anc"><sup>28</sup></a>
I don't know the wall thickness of the court; but with just a one
foot depth 6,423.75 tons of sandstone would be needed, which may have
taken the ancient Egyptians at least four years to quarry. </span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The Gebel es-Silsilah quarry was located 40 miles north
of Elephantine and 90 miles south of Thebes. To transport 6,000 tons
of sandstone to the work site would have taken at least a year, and
to dress and to place the blocks may have taken another year. Seven
scenes of Sheshonk I and his son Iuput were completed at Karnak along
with over ninety lines of hieroglyphs (not counting the 130+ captured
city names) possibly taking another year. 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 7 year
minimum, not accounting for losses of time due to accidents, weather,
war, etc.. Since the stela recorded Re-Horachty, as Sheshonk's
residence, calling his reliefs the Bubastite Portal is a misnomer.
<b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Sheshonk's
delta residence moved from Pi-Rameses on the eastern delta to Pi-Ese
(estate of Isis) in the central delta at Sebennytos (now Samannud),<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote29sym" name="sdfootnote29anc"><sup>29</sup></a>
not Bubastis (near Zagazig) thirty miles southeast. At Karnak o</span></span></span></span></b>n
Sheshonk's eastern pilaster is inscribed, “First occasion (of)
repeating the jubilee . . .;”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote30sym" name="sdfootnote30anc"><sup>30</sup></a>
thus, Sheshonk I reached his 33<sup>rd</sup> regnal year. This
completed and moderately decorated jubilee court and gate attest to
the long life of Sheshonk I, and not a sudden death during
construction.</span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Scenes at Karnak of
Sheshonk I with his son Iuput</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The great
wall inscription begins with classical exultation of the king, and
line 2 states “thou hast trodden down the natives of Nubia,”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote31sym" name="sdfootnote31anc"><sup>31</sup></a>
later followed by Amun's blessing on his building plans” (lines
12-17). Next to this great wall is the “Bubastite Gate” which
features three masterfully engraved scenes of Sheshonk I and his son
HPA Iuput accompanied by their illustrious titles. The court and
gate were completed with seven total engraved scenes of Sheshonk I
and Iuput “depicted on an equal scale”.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote32sym" name="sdfootnote32anc"><sup>32</sup></a></span></span></span></div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheAPseI7INLzWytWgC77lakzIAZ71Atbf1jTIZglc2P7ivX4ANTuGFIBSw3WHnPQ26TxfMCRbXf_9DscflNfa9tX0_63Yy_XCFuIoU0u9gNs3CgqTEPbwI06OkNow9TwL3k44JJkMnuI0/s1600/Sheshonk1Wall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheAPseI7INLzWytWgC77lakzIAZ71Atbf1jTIZglc2P7ivX4ANTuGFIBSw3WHnPQ26TxfMCRbXf_9DscflNfa9tX0_63Yy_XCFuIoU0u9gNs3CgqTEPbwI06OkNow9TwL3k44JJkMnuI0/s640/Sheshonk1Wall.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Incongruities of
Sheshonk I's Victory Relief at Karnak</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In Sheshonk's “first
[campaign of] victory” early in his reign,<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote33sym" name="sdfootnote33anc"><sup>33</sup></a>
the right side image of Sheshonk I wearing the white crown and
holding a mace is hardly visible, but upon close inspection, the
Chicago Epigraphic Survey determined it was “modelled in gypsum on
the stone”.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote34sym" name="sdfootnote34anc"><sup>34</sup></a>
On the left,</span> Amun's <span style="font-style: normal;">shuti</span>
is engraved flat whereas his figure is in bas relief;<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote35sym" name="sdfootnote35anc"><sup>35</sup></a>
hence I conjecture the shuti was enhanced with semi-precious stones
and/or it displayed a Libyan version of the double crown which was
later erased. Iuput's description in several scenes throughout the
jubilee court reads, “First Prophet of Amun-Re, king of the gods,
great general and leader Iuput . . .;”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote36sym" name="sdfootnote36anc"><sup>36</sup></a>
hence I propose general Iuput was between Amun and Sheshonk I at the
center of the army facing front. This scene was planned to exhibit
Iuput's and Sheshonk's victories over the Meshwesh<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote37sym" name="sdfootnote37anc"><sup>37</sup></a>
of the west, the bedouin at Bitter Lakes in the eastern delta, the
Nubians of the south, “. . . <b><span style="font-weight: normal;">the
Asiatic back-country, the </span></b><b><u><span style="font-weight: normal;">Aegean
islands</span></u></b><b><span style="font-weight: normal;">
. . .,”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote38sym" name="sdfootnote38anc"><sup>38</sup></a>
and “all inaccessible foreign lands, of all the lands of the
Phoenicians . . .”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote39sym" name="sdfootnote39anc"><sup>39</sup></a></span></b></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Though the first nine names were traditional enemies of
Egypt, they were actually conquered by Sheshonk I. The first row of
names: Upper Egypt, Lower Egypt, Wawat of Upper Nubia, Libyans,
<i>S[hetiam]</i> of the western oases, <i>Mn[tywnwstt]</i> Bedouin,
Bow[men of feather], Seti (nome #1 often conquered by Lower Nubia),
<i>H3wnbwt</i> (<u>Haunebut</u>, meaning "Behind the Islands,"
the <u>Aegean</u>)<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote40sym" name="sdfootnote40anc"><sup>40</sup></a>,
#10 copy of <i>Amu</i> (foreigners), <i>G3[d(t?)]</i> (possibly
Gubla, the ancient name of Byblos), Megiddo, and <i>Rbyt
</i><span style="font-style: normal;">(Rehob-Beth)</span>. </span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Sheshonk I's victory relief at El-Hibeh only has one row
beginning “The western oasis, the eastern desert,”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote41sym" name="sdfootnote41anc"><sup>41</sup></a>
which are on either side of Thebes (though the west oases extend to
the Fayyum). <b><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US"><span style="font-weight: normal;">
Merenptah mentioned “Israel”, but Sheshonk I never named it. I
conclude the rest of the cities on the Karnak victory relief were
conquered by someone else who actually led a campaign against Israel.
</span></span></span></span></b></span>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFVmRlnAtvMXC3fpueVAn-E-hXatQosWlO6nAenMRgdtOhBryLzmHyb9q3dQsUgbEFH-by7MtrLcZjbdwDCxmZe2_6k7q_DFN_iZPxkNtGolHQT5QBW2bDmfcp2ZB09xDolNnGvCQavEk/s1600/ShishakVictoryWall-3rowscitiesB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFVmRlnAtvMXC3fpueVAn-E-hXatQosWlO6nAenMRgdtOhBryLzmHyb9q3dQsUgbEFH-by7MtrLcZjbdwDCxmZe2_6k7q_DFN_iZPxkNtGolHQT5QBW2bDmfcp2ZB09xDolNnGvCQavEk/s640/ShishakVictoryWall-3rowscitiesB.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQBFOsqbFDjg7JfgGQ73KQcIh9JbHmIeJ5ZSeIuV8grnrYjIsnOsX7jfdlKp7Wntq8E1tvpxPDeLeleFqEpImUseXEDJNtZ6TuGRPZ6F_IhuDYNjkieCfLkhWxnT_VpKcvr_i2wIScS1g/s1600/Sheshonk1BowmenB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="628" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQBFOsqbFDjg7JfgGQ73KQcIh9JbHmIeJ5ZSeIuV8grnrYjIsnOsX7jfdlKp7Wntq8E1tvpxPDeLeleFqEpImUseXEDJNtZ6TuGRPZ6F_IhuDYNjkieCfLkhWxnT_VpKcvr_i2wIScS1g/s640/Sheshonk1BowmenB.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">The original group of bearded soldiers
(only the second man is clean shaven) were standing with recurve bows
in the furthest hand and a “vial of oil” (?) in the closest hand
and the last man holding a feather of maat. Their hands are twice as
small as the scene engraved on top of them in which two more sets of
seven bearded men facing left and right are standing with the
opposite arm raised in praise. Thus the first group of men have
three hands each. The left headbands may be Canaanite mercenaries,
and the right helmets may be Cretan mercenaries. In the center of
these male groups, Iuput was originally facing front with both arms
crossing his chest holding objects.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote42sym" name="sdfootnote42anc"><sup>42</sup></a>
</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-decoration: none;">In his right
hand appears to be a miniature double curved bow held closely to his
chest; in his left hand is a feather of maat. (There is also a
feather of maat underneath the lowest sets of men's elbows.)</span></span><span style="font-size: small;">
His left elbow makes the first male appear to be female. Iuput's
head is missing. These incongruities suggest this wall was usurped by
someone after Sheshonk I; like his youngest son, Sheshonk IIa. </span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Sheshonk
I's Victory Scene at Karnak was Usurped by Sheshonk IIa </span><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span></b></span></span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The small woman beneath Amun is holding a long-handled
spoon in her right hand, and a stick about the same length (the very
top of which no longer remains) in her left hand. This long-handled
spoon was used to scoop out the brains prior to mummification. The
bottom of the “stick” appears to have tassels, so maybe it was a
scroll. Below her stick/scroll is a white crown, which was likely
Sheshonk I kneeling to this goddess of Thebes.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote43sym" name="sdfootnote43anc"><sup>43</sup></a>
Attached to the end of her spoon are two groups of three lines,
depicting ropes, which lead to six rows of captives. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKJ0xkOtS73gTmS_q4AT1QErVCEaGv4ng5slwBxCxg780srI8QNEiqiLTilcN4uebCUbPAOtogf9DozvVL-BOc1iDCi28naHCGJWeiH2se7wSOn9JVWHrXThAgFPHG_HMOsFRF5FUggEU/s1600/Sheshonk1-womanB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKJ0xkOtS73gTmS_q4AT1QErVCEaGv4ng5slwBxCxg780srI8QNEiqiLTilcN4uebCUbPAOtogf9DozvVL-BOc1iDCi28naHCGJWeiH2se7wSOn9JVWHrXThAgFPHG_HMOsFRF5FUggEU/s640/Sheshonk1-womanB.jpg" width="593" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> </span>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Amun holds the feather of maat in his right hand and a
plumb line in his left hand with the plumb bob at his toe. Amun's
left hand may have held something above it which has since been
marred. Amun's left hand also holds two groups of five lines, but
only the top group is attached to five rows of captives. The other
group of five lines does not continue beyond the first block.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHzOsYJ-zVqgbOWaD7K3b_z3-QSP7U8zF7hmXOtmzA21S1synhwG5C7i5iBt5-sLwwj5SCwIZKJzABHodqW5xcMgNLZVb_QlXn6nKsZ2__p-1w3zkURsVTdIZ4EVoDrO3K4NPj-VfyPpY/s1600/SheshonkVictoryReliefPositionsf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="514" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHzOsYJ-zVqgbOWaD7K3b_z3-QSP7U8zF7hmXOtmzA21S1synhwG5C7i5iBt5-sLwwj5SCwIZKJzABHodqW5xcMgNLZVb_QlXn6nKsZ2__p-1w3zkURsVTdIZ4EVoDrO3K4NPj-VfyPpY/s640/SheshonkVictoryReliefPositionsf.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sheshonk
I's Iron I Stela v. Sheshonk IIa's Iron II Destruction of Megiddo</span></span></span></h4>
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">My
book, <i>Pharaohs of the Bible (<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">4004-960 B.C.</span>)</i> goes into
detail of the names, locations, and strata of the cities listed on
the victory relief; and then places the strategic cities into four
charts which specify the timing of their various destruction levels
accompanied by the likely conquerors. All cities conquered by
Shishak are listed as Iron IIA, Iron IIB, or Iron IIA-B by their
respective archaeologists; whereas Sheshonk I's stela fragment at
Megiddo was discovered prior to excavating the Iron II strata. The
following is an excerpt from my book with <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">the </span>particular strata listed.</span></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>#12 Megiddo ('place of crowds'):
Tell el-Mutesellim (hill of the ruler) </b>
</div>
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</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
</div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUHggwRFbSoKetw0hpk2fixtAmNeJzZErJ5BPIdHt9i3H0_2UPJWLLayrFXDfCR4M5QW18cWtF6pll3ZeoUbwO1edJzgFp3TzazeqMFcFo3d_Zgwp2rHXsutPFXsvd5LZW0ROzqDvaqHo/s1600/Megiddo-strata.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUHggwRFbSoKetw0hpk2fixtAmNeJzZErJ5BPIdHt9i3H0_2UPJWLLayrFXDfCR4M5QW18cWtF6pll3ZeoUbwO1edJzgFp3TzazeqMFcFo3d_Zgwp2rHXsutPFXsvd5LZW0ROzqDvaqHo/s640/Megiddo-strata.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: x-small;">P.L.O. Guy was the main
excavator of Stratum VI at Megiddo in 1934. He uncovered pillared
houses typical of the early Israelites.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote1sym" name="sdfootnote1anc"><sup>1</sup></a>
Guy wrote, </span>
</div>
<blockquote>
“<span style="font-size: x-small;">There had
obviously been a disaster of some sort in VI, of which the fire was
the culmination, and that disaster may have been either a battle or
an earthquake. . . . Some skeletons were found crushed under walls in
postitions of obvious agony, but a number of others had been buried .
. . It looked as if survivors had come back after the catastrophe and
had left where they were those bodies which had been hidden by fallen
walls but had hastily buried those who were visible. . . . The
disaster, whatever it was, had been pretty sudden, for most of the
rooms contained very large quantities of pottery <i>in situ</i> . .
.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote2sym" name="sdfootnote2anc"><sup>2</sup></a></span></blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Skeletons crushed under fallen
walls from a sudden disaster sounds like an earthquake which
'culminated' in a fire. Neither was there evidence the site was
quickly inhabited and rebuilt by a 'victor'; instead stratum Vb had
walls of poor quality. The stela fragment of Sheshonk I was found in
1926 in a “dump adjacent to a trench excavated by the German
engineer Gottlieb Schumacher”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote3sym" name="sdfootnote3anc"><sup>3</sup></a>
in 1905.</span></div>
<blockquote>
“<span style="font-size: x-small;">. . . dating of
our [Guy's] Stratum IV . . . to Early Iron I, though not to the
earliest, or Philistine part of it. Philistine suggestions were . .
. at places where we penetrated to Stratum V. From somewhere in a
minor trench of Schumacher's which penetrates barely below Stratum IV
came the stela fragment . . .”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote4sym" name="sdfootnote4anc"><sup>4</sup></a>
</span>
</blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
“<span style="font-size: x-small;">Guy was confident that it had
come from the earliest stratum uncovered in the trench, namely
Stratum VA/IVB”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote5sym" name="sdfootnote5anc"><sup>5</sup></a>
which Guy dated to Iron I. Therefore, Sheshonk I placed his 20-inch
thick stela at Megiddo during Iron I of the 11<sup>th</sup> century
of Stratum V, and Sheshonk IIa destroyed the beautiful ashlar
buildings of Stratum IVb.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Thus the question of why a pharaoh would place his stela
of ownership in the midst of Megiddo's ashes is solved with two
different pharaohs of the same name coming to the city at different
times for different purposes. Sheshonk I sought tax revenues from
the traveller's going through the poor city of Megiddo, and Sheshonk
IIa sought to loot and to destroy the wealthy chariot city which
Solomon had built and Jeroboam had reinforced.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div id="sdfootnote1">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote1anc" name="sdfootnote1sym">1</a>
Harrison, Timothy P., “The Battleground: Who Destroyed Megiddo?
Was it David or Shishak?,” <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>,
Nov/Dec 2003, Vol. 29, p. 60</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote2">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote2anc" name="sdfootnote2sym">2</a>
Ibid.</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote3">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote3anc" name="sdfootnote3sym">3</a>
Ibid., p. 62</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote4">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote4anc" name="sdfootnote4sym">4</a>
Guy, P.L.O., “New Light from Armageddon: Second Preliminary Report
1927-1929,” <i>OIC</i>, p. 44</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote5">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote5anc" name="sdfootnote5sym">5</a>
Harrison, Timothy P., “The Battleground . . .” based upon Guy's
“New Light . . .” pp. 44-48</div>
</div>
</div>
<div align="LEFT" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.05in; margin-left: 0.1in; margin-top: 0.1in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Sheshonk IIa's
Burial Goods and Mummy</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
“<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">A forensic
examination of Shoshenq II's body by Dr. Douglas Derry, the head of
Cairo Museum's anatomy department, reveals that he was a man in his
fifties when he died.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote44sym" name="sdfootnote44anc"><sup>44</sup></a>
If Sheshonk IIa was born in 1022 BC, and died in 970 BC, that is 52
years. Dr. Derry wrote that Sheshonk IIa died of a massive septic
infection in a head wound.<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote45sym" name="sdfootnote45anc"><sup>45</sup></a>
I suggest this head wound was inflicted during his campaign in
Israel, that he died shortly after his return with Jerusalem's
treasures, and he was afforded a grand burial in a silver coffin with
a gold mask. I suggest that before his death he ordered his campaign
to be engraved next to his father's victory relief in Karnak; the
list of cities was squeezed into the left side. Possibly the artisan
reworked most of Iuput out of the relief before Sheshonk IIa died and
the project came to a halt.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
</div>
<blockquote>
“<span style="font-size: small;">The Egyptian king referred to as Shishak
is conventionally equated with Sheshonk I … chooses to ignore the
valid criticism of James <i>et al.</i> (1992:127) that there are
other alternatives, and that there are problems with the Sheshonk I
candidacy ... James <i>et al.</i> James (1991:229-231) and Rohl
(1995) plausibly question this assumption ... there is another
Sheshonk (II) in close proximity who might also be a candidate.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote46sym" name="sdfootnote46anc"><sup>46</sup></a>
The problem stems from acceptance of Thiele's dates (1983:80).<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote47sym" name="sdfootnote47anc"><sup>47</sup></a></span></blockquote>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">I agree with Manning that a Sheshonk II is a better
candidate for Shishak, and that Thiele's dates have caused problems.
Since <span style="font-weight: normal;">Heqakheperre Sheshonk IIa
died from an infected head wound from battle and was honored with a
gold face mask and silver coffin, he is the best candidate for
Shishak. Found on Sheshonk IIa's mummy was a jeweled pectoral
inscribed with “Sheshonk, Great Chief of the Ma” which belonged
to Sheshonk I before he was king; leaving us a clue to his heritage.</span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">At Sheshonk's temple to Amun at el-Hibeh, the pillar
scene in the first pillared hall has the following inscription:</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
“<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">King offers floral
collar and two pectorals to Horus.”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote48sym" name="sdfootnote48anc"><sup>48</sup></a></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">This is followed by an inscription under Horus.</span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
“<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">To you I have given
all life, stability, and dominion appearance upon the throne of
Horus, [who leads the living.]”<a class="sdfootnoteanc" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote49sym" name="sdfootnote49anc"><sup>49</sup></a></span></span></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Could Horus refer to a promise that Sheshonk IIa, the
child of Sheshonk I's old age, would rule? Sheshonk I's pectoral on
the mummy of Sheshonk IIa might be the most compelling artefact
signifying that Sheshonk IIa added his conquered cities to the
victory relief of Sheshonk I. </span>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="JUSTIFY" lang="en-US" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div id="sdfootnote1">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote1anc" name="sdfootnote1sym">1</a>For
a free .pdf of my chronology, go to www.PharaohsoftheBible.com</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote2">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote2anc" name="sdfootnote2sym">2</a>Genesis
47:27 in which pharaoh gave Goshen to Jacob's family, and Joshua
10:41; 11:16 where Joshua took it back.</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote3">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote3anc" name="sdfootnote3sym">3</a><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US">Judges
5:4-11b in which the “</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US"><i>earth
trembled</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US">”
and the “</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US"><i>mountains
melted</i></span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , fantasy;"><span lang="en-US">”.</span></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote4">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote4anc" name="sdfootnote4sym">4</a>This
queen has a city named after herself spelled Tahpanhes in Jer.
43:7-9; 46:14, Tahapanes in Jer. 2:16, and Tehaphnehes in Ezekiel
30:18. It is now Tel Dafneh 18 miles SE of Tanis near Lake Ballah.</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote5">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote5anc" name="sdfootnote5sym">5</a>In
about 1067 BC for king Saul (I Samuel 15:2-9) and in early 1055 BC
for general David (I Samuel 27:8)</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote6">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote6anc" name="sdfootnote6sym">6</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, pp. 216-218</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote7">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote7anc" name="sdfootnote7sym">7</a>Kitchen,
K.A., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Third Intermediate
Period in Egypt</span></i>, 1973, p. 292</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote8">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote8anc" name="sdfootnote8sym">8</a>James,
Peter, http://www.centuries.co.uk/faq.htm#q5 class=, accessed
3/8/11. Shipitbaal (son of Elibaal)</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote9">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote9anc" name="sdfootnote9sym">9</a>Josephus,
<i>Antiquities</i> 8:144-460</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote10">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote10anc" name="sdfootnote10sym">10</a>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahiram</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote11">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote11anc" name="sdfootnote11sym">11</a>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_I</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote12">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote12anc" name="sdfootnote12sym">12</a>Barguet,
<i><span style="text-decoration: none;">Temple d'Amon-re a Karnak</span></i>,
1962, pp.122-3; block D, a, line 6 (Muller, Egyptol, Researches, II,
147, fig. 52 top)</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote13">
<div class="sdfootnote" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote13anc" name="sdfootnote13sym">13</a>
Kitchen, K.A., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Third
Intermediate Period in Egypt</span></i>, 1973, p. 300</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote14">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote14anc" name="sdfootnote14sym">14</a>Ritner,
Robert. K., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Libyan
Anarchy</span></i>, Society of Biblical Literature, 2009, pp.
218-219</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote15">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote15anc" name="sdfootnote15sym">15</a>Phoenicia
included the cities of Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon. From Egyptian
hieratic and Canaanite protosinaitic came the first true alphabet
known as Phoenician from which the early Aramaic alphabets of Hebrew
and Arabic were birthed.</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote16">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote16anc" name="sdfootnote16sym">16</a>Ritner,
Robert. K., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Libyan
Anarchy</span></i>, Society of Biblical Literature, 2009, p. 204
lines 22d – 24a with <i>Amu</i> being translated 'Asiatics'</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote17">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote17anc" name="sdfootnote17sym">17</a>I
Samuel 14:47 and II Samuel 10 respectively</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote18">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote18anc" name="sdfootnote18sym">18</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, p. 201</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote19">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote19anc" name="sdfootnote19sym">19</a>Aston,
David A., “Takeloth II Revisited,” <i>The Libyan Period in
Egypt</i>, Netherlands, 2009, p. 7, fn 60</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote20">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote20anc" name="sdfootnote20sym">20</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, p. 196</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote21">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote21anc" name="sdfootnote21sym">21</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, pp. 187-193</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote22">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote22anc" name="sdfootnote22sym">22</a>Ibid.,
p. 192 footnote #14</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote23">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote23anc" name="sdfootnote23sym">23</a>A
BTU is a British Thermal Unit equivalent to the energy it takes to
heat one pound of water.</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote24">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote24anc" name="sdfootnote24sym">24</a>“Sandstone
Quarrying and Processing: A Life-Cycle Inventory - A Report,”
Prepared for The Natural Stone Council Prepared by University of
Tennessee Center for Clean Products, August 2008
</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote25">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote25anc" name="sdfootnote25sym">25</a>http://www.sunsetcities.com/Red-Rock-Canyon/sandstonequarry00.html</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote26">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote26anc" name="sdfootnote26sym">26</a>http://www.sunsetcities.com/Red-Rock-Canyon/sandstonequarry00.html</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote27">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote27anc" name="sdfootnote27sym">27</a>“hand-cut”
with power tools instead of a bulldozer
http://www.blackriverstone.com/stone_questions.html
</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote28">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote28anc" name="sdfootnote28sym">28</a>http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/feature/ShoshenqICourt</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote29">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote29anc" name="sdfootnote29sym">29</a>Ritner,
Robert. K., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Libyan
Anarchy</span></i>, Society of Biblical Literature, 2009, p. 191 on
the Gebel es-Silsila stela in his 21<sup>st</sup> regnal year; see
also http://egyptsites.wordpress.com/2009/03/03/behbeit-el-hagar/</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote30">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote30anc" name="sdfootnote30sym">30</a>Ibid.,
p. 196</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote31">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote31anc" name="sdfootnote31sym">31</a>Kitchen,
K.A., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Third Intermediate
Period in Egypt</span></i>, 1973, p. 293, footnote #284</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote32">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote32anc" name="sdfootnote32sym">32</a>Ritner,
Robert. K., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The Libyan
Anarchy</span></i>, Society of Biblical Literature, 2009, p. 193</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote33">
<div class="sdfootnote" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote33anc" name="sdfootnote33sym">33</a>
Ritner, Robert. K., <i><span style="text-decoration: none;">The
Libyan Anarchy</span></i>, Society of Biblical Literature, 2009, p.
206</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote34">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote34anc" name="sdfootnote34sym">34</a>Kitchen,
Kenneth A., <i>The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt</i>, England,
1973, p. 73, fn #357</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote35">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote35anc" name="sdfootnote35sym">35</a>Digital
Egypt photo at
http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/resource/BubastitePortal/1515</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote36">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote36anc" name="sdfootnote36sym">36</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, pp. 196-200</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote37">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote37anc" name="sdfootnote37sym">37</a>The
Dakhla stela dated to pharaoh Sheshonk's 5<sup>th</sup> year
described “a state of war and turmoil” in Libya (Meshwesh).
</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote38">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote38anc" name="sdfootnote38sym">38</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, p. 205</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote39">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote39anc" name="sdfootnote39sym">39</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, p. 201</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote40">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote40anc" name="sdfootnote40sym">40</a>Coppens,
by Philip, "Egypt: origin of the Greek culture: For centuries,
scholars have identified the Greek culture as the source of the
western civilisation. But what if the Greek culture itself was a
legacy – a colony – of the ancient Egyptians?" <i>Frontier
Magazine</i> 5.3, May-June 1999</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote41">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote41anc" name="sdfootnote41sym">41</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, p. 222</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote42">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote42anc" name="sdfootnote42sym">42</a>Digital
Egypt photo at
http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/assets/media/resources/BubastitePortal/highres/100_0868.jpg</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote43">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote43anc" name="sdfootnote43sym">43</a>Digital
Egypt photo at
http://dlib.etc.ucla.edu/projects/Karnak/resource/BubastitePortal/1527</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote44">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote44anc" name="sdfootnote44sym">44</a>Wikipedia
based upon Douglas E. Derry, “Note on the Remains of Shashanq,”
<i>Annales du Service des</i> <i>Antiquités de l’Égypte</i> 39,
1939, pp. 549-551</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote45">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote45anc" name="sdfootnote45sym">45</a>Douglas
E. Derry, “Note on the Remains of Shashanq,” <i>Annales du
Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte</i> 39, 1939, pp. 549–551</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote46">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote46anc" name="sdfootnote46sym">46</a>Manning,
Sturt, <i>A Test of Time: The Volcano of Thera and the chronology
and history of the Aegean and east Mediterranean in the mid second
millennium B.C.</i>, Oxbow Books, 1999, p. 378</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote47">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote47anc" name="sdfootnote47sym">47</a>Ibid.</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote48">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote48anc" name="sdfootnote48sym">48</a>Ritner,
Robert K., <i>The Libyan Anarchy</i>, Society of Biblical
Literature, Atlanta, 2009, p. 223</div>
</div>
<div id="sdfootnote49">
<div class="sdfootnote">
<a class="sdfootnotesym" href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1329104999496650494#sdfootnote49anc" name="sdfootnote49sym">49</a>Ibid.</div>
</div>
Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-2925808888755937852012-06-11T10:43:00.002-07:002012-06-11T10:43:52.307-07:00Synchronous time-lines of the Holy Bible and EgyptCheck out my time-line at <a href="http://www.PharaohsOfTheBible.com">www.PharaohsOfTheBible.com</a> and discover how the Ice Age, the Theran eruption, and floods and famines effected Egypt and the Hebrews.Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-12697271176372547722012-03-08T12:41:00.003-08:002012-03-08T12:58:06.076-08:00Haman scarab found at Megiddo - Happy Purim!If you search "Megiddo Guy OiC 9" you will find a .pdf of Guy's excavation at Megiddo, and on page 49 is an article with pictures on Haman's scaraboid found at the site. The scarab depicts a griffin wearing the double crown of Egypt standing over a locust. Griffins are prominent in Persian poetry and art.<br />'Ahasuerus' was a ruling title like 'pharaoh'. The king of Persia was Darius I Hystapses in the book of Esther. Cambyses II, before him, had conquered Egypt in 525 BC. Darius I Hystapses may have made Haman an overseer of Egypt and Canaan, with Megiddo as an administrative center for western lands.Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-28070964555700821932011-10-17T20:27:00.000-07:002011-10-17T20:35:03.718-07:00Late Ramesside LettersWhen Edward Wente published his translation of the Late Ramesside Letters in 1967, he didn't have Google Earth. He would have found 'Yar' in the gold-rich foothills of Ethiopia instead of thinking it was in Middle Egypt, and it would have changed his order of the letters. Based upon this insight and others, I have reordered the Late Ramesside Letters. <a href="http://www.kneelingmedia.org/egypt/LRL-Clarity.pdf">Clarity's Order of the Late Ramesside Letters</a>Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-16746587177164124112011-10-16T18:35:00.000-07:002013-05-13T11:31:27.479-07:00Egyptian Chronology in Sync with the BibleUsing Ussher's chronology of the Bible, I have compiled an Egyptian chronology using based on the belief that several dynasties ruled in different regions simultaneously as depicted on Karnak Kings List of Thutmose III. My chronology is in a .pdf at www.pharaohsofthebible.org. My 472 page book, "Pharaohs of the Bible (Mizraim to Shishak)" substantiates my chronology as the pharaohs are interwoven with the lives of the patriarchs.Eve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1329104999496650494.post-35388791535709600352011-10-16T14:35:00.000-07:002013-05-13T11:32:11.363-07:00Exodus in Historical ContextJoseph and Moses both lived and served under more than one pharaoh. I used Ussher's dates for Joseph and Moses, and have compacted Egyptian dynasties during the FIP and SIP to arrive at the dates for the Egyptian pharaohs based upon the famines described in the Bible and other clues. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKlkJZ4U6Wg">Thirty minute video displays the many clues.</a><br />
<br />
JOSEPH<br />
<br />
1745 Joseph born in Canaan during reign of Tao II in Egypt<br />
1728 Joseph entered Egypt as a slave during the reign of Ahmose I<br />
1715 Joseph made grand vizier by Ahmose I; first of seven years of plenty began<br />
1712 Amenhotep I (under his mom, Ahmose-Nefetari) began to reign Egypt<br />
1688 Amenhotep I died soon after Joseph returned from burying his father Jacob<br />
1688-1674 Thutmose I<br />
1674-1672 Thutmose II and Hatshepsut<br />
1672-1651 Hatshepsut with Thutmose III <br />
1651-1618 Thutmose III<br />
<br />
1635 Joseph died during the reign of Thutmose III<br />
<br />
1622-1596 Amenhotep II (4 year co-reign)<br />
1596-1588 Thutmose IV<br />
1588-1550 Amenhotep III who “knew not Joseph"<br />
<br />
MOSES<br />
<br />
1588-1550 Amenhotep III, whose “daughter . . . called his name Moses”<br />
1551-1534 Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten was influenced by Hebrew monotheism<br />
1534-1531 Smenkhkare (Nefertiti retained royal status)<br />
1531-1530 Nefertiti/Neferneferuaten<br />
1534-1524 Tutankhamun (usurped 3 years; first attested in 4th year) <br />
1524-1520 Ay<br />
1520-1493 Horemheb<br />
1493-1491 Rameses I, pharaoh of ten plagues and exodus<br />
1491-1480 Seti I, campaign to Beth Shean in first year, but no Hebrews there<br />
1480-1414 Rameses II Moses died in 1451 on Mt. NeboEve Engelbritehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05445875934421139537noreply@blogger.com0